[#40] 10 March 1996 Dear Everyone: It has been a quiet week in Buea, and I now know why Garrison Keillor starts his monologues similarly. I have plenty to say, but little of it is directly related to last week. We received letters from Jane Johnson, Talia, and Margaret, and we inquired at the post office about the slowness of packages. The post office recommended sending us photocopies of the receipts which he could use to initiate traces. In the future, as a matter of course, anyone sending us packages should send us photocopies of the receipts. Also, again I should say that the diplomatic pouch is no longer available to us, and it will cost us a lot of money to retrieve packages sent us that way. The phrase 'diplomatic pouch' conjures up images of couriers handcuffed to briefcases, but I am sure it is a metaphor, given the size of some of the packages we have received via that route. In anticipation of Talia's weeklong visit, which begins a week from Monday, we arranged for transportation by the University to and from the airport in Douala, which will save us time and money, and will postpone Talia's first bush-taxi experience. We have no specific plans for her visit, preferring to offer a number of options. Quite a while ago, EECS secretary Maggie Dee asked what faculty at the U of B are like, and I finally have room to start to respond by describing the vice-dean Ntoko and math department member Kwalar. Dr. Ntoko's most notable characteristic is his (extremely foolish consistency in his) following the rules. I believe he is the main architect of the rococo rules for assigning grades. Dr. Ntoko had decided that the student who applied for a change in major from math to chem but never changed courses because of a change of heart should lose all equity in the semester because he was now a chem major. The Science Faculty overruled Dr. Ntoko, noting that the letter granting the student's request said he was 'permitted' (rather than 'required') to change major. A few weeks ago, Dr. Ntoko outdid himself when he sent a student to me for my signature to add my course. The student actually wanted to drop the course but had originally added it without the proper signature. Now Dr. Ntoko would not let him drop it until it had been added properly. Dr. Kwalar is in his late 50's, and 'old hand' in the Math Dept,a nd is extremely well-educated, having obtained his PhD at Moscow U, and then having held some Post Docs in Germany and England. He comes from the 'you can't learn math without hard work' school, an establishment I also attended. He has a reputation for requiring a great deal from his students but being miserly with passing grades. At a department colloquium on instruction of mathematics, he gave an eloquent speech on the difficulties of learning math and the benefit of hard work in overcoming these difficulties, at the end of which his victims cheered and clapped. A few weeks ago, we had the opportunity to see some traditional wrestling, a 'quadrangular' among four villages. The 'ring' is a grass field, about 1/3 the size of a football field, which has been mercifully cleared of stones. A match between two villages starts with all the contestants meeting in the middle of the field, making stylized gestures of threat, and forming pairings, by weight, for the match. The lighter contestants tended to be younger, with the ages starting around 10 and ending with grizzled veterans of indeterminate age. A contestant wins a bout by throwing his opponent on his back or 'taking him down' and then either rolling him on his back or forcing him flat on his stomach. Each bout has two referees plus a number of judges on the sidelines. To set the atmosphere drummers on an elevated stand beat intricate rhythms on large log drums throughout the match. The contestants wore a variety of clothes, except that the traditional wrapper (a colorful sarong wrapped around the waist) was obligatory. Once a bout began, I was transported to Grace Hall, both because of the noise and because the offensive and defensive moves were the same, although less well practiced. One feature absent from Grace Hall are cheerleaders, in the form of older women of the village who do exuberant victory dances when their village wins a bout. It is time to conclude. Edwin #41.5 17 Mar 96 Dear Everyone: When I wrote last week everything seemed routine except for Talia's impending visit tomorrow. Then very early Friday morning, while we were asleep our home was burgled. Janice may have scared them off by going to the bathroom, but in any case our losses were modest in monetary value but bothersome nevertheless. We lost our US postage stamps, including, to our dismay, the plate block of 'comic strip' stamps Gwen sent us; we lost an iron, an umbrella just as the rainy season is beginning, a few cheap watches, a few cheap calculators, Janice's toothpaste, and our shortwave radio. Strangely, I think the burglars also took a pocket dictionary. More important, they left the duct tape behind. From our small sample of crime on our property here (once in a year) and in Bethlehem (one theft, from our car, in 25 years) I might conclude there is more crime here, but I think crime is distributed differently here than in the states. Because there is wealth everywhere in the US crime rates are inversely proportional to the distance from the criminal's home, one reason why the middle class has fled to the suburbs. Here, where the US poverty level of $12,000 per year is 12 times the per capital income, the only place where theft is profitable is in the high rent districts, where we live. Given that all the windows are barred and all the doors bolted and made of steel with steel jambs, we thought our house secure. The louvered windows are the Achilles heel of our security system. An individual louver is easily slid out of its metal frame. Having done this in our kitchen, the adept burglars apparently used a long pole equipped with a hook to open three deadbolts in the exterior kitchen door and gain entree into the house, all this quietly enough so that we did not awaken. Since AM Friday we have worried a lot about the security of our possession and have awakened at the slightest sound, when we have been able to sleep at all. To compound the annoyances in my life, I think I lost my keys in a taxi on Saturday. This opens a new chapter in the 'office key' saga. When I last talked about this saga, Prabasaj and I were using a campus mailbox as a drop, a system that continued until Saturday, when I lost my key to the box. [He found his keys. gk] While unable to sleep last night I had an insight into the electricity saga, which has been slowly developing over the months with our failure to get a bill after it was turned back on. When I asked Lucas Oben about the absence of a bill, he gave me vague assurances that it would come. With no great motivation to receive the bill, I was not put off by the vagueness, but it occurred to me last night that probably Mr. Oben himself turned on the electric service by throwing the unguarded switch, something I was reluctant to do. Or possibly the 'mechanics' division of the electric company did not tell the 'fiscal' division the electric is back on. Will we get a free ride? Will we eventually get a huge bill? Stay tuned. Our thanks to the Rosens and Gwen for letters. Edwin [41] 24 Mar 96 Dear Everyone: With Talia arriving this past Monday we have had quite a busy week The Sabena fight was a few minutes early at 6:08 and we were back to our house by 8:30. At Talia's urging, we immediately attacked her suitcase, which was dedicated to goodies for us for our personal use or for distributions to Cameroonians. We thank: 1) my mother for garden seeds and for various highly useful kitchen gadgets; 2) Gwen, Carolyn and Talia for a smorgasboard of candy unavailable here and unseen by us for 9 months and which we will hoard for quite a while; 3) Ellie for a collection of magazines; 4) Carolyn for costume jewely and a large collection of children's books; and 5) Gwen for the cookbooks and the nutrition almanac. There was more stuff, and we treasure it all. Much of Talia's time here exposed her to our routine life in Cameroon, with a few trips to touristie sites (as they are called here) that are not especially touristy. I worried that Talia was finding it boring, but apparently Africa, or at least Cameroon, is sufficiently exotic that what has become routine for us was quite exciting for Talia. On Thursday, Janice and Talia joined Ann Loux in an excursion to Douala. That evenign we were visited by the Peace Corps Medical Officer who took us, Prabasaj, and a visiting PCV from our state to supper at the Pavilion, my first meal at OIC's restaurant. Janice was somewhat flustered to see the announcement of her official appointment as assistant manager, which had been posted a few hours before. (I know that my description of Janice's position at the Cameroon Opportunities Industrialization Center (OIC) have been vague and confusing, but that only reflects a vague and confusing situation. I expect that by the time we leave the situation will be sufficiently clear for me to write clearly about it.) The early part of Friday we spent at OIC where Janice demonstrated the fine art of makng pizza in the "junion" kitchen, where the students train. Afterward the 20 or so students and staff experineced their first pizza party. Later in the afternoon we taxied to Kumba to spend the night. The next day we visited Lake Barumbi, a volcanic lake at the outskirts of town. Our visit to the Lake was marred by a contractual dispute iwth the pirogue paddlers, a dispute which bothered Talia because it was disputatious and which I prolonged, because the Cameroonians violated the rules of Cameroonian negotiation as I understand them, and I wanted to see how it owuld play out. Today we went to Limbe to visit the zoo and Botanical Gardens. Sicne we first visited the zoo in July it has undergone a 'substantial' improvement, thanks in part, to a PCV, who just finished his service. That PCV started a project to create an educational center at the zoo with some PC-solicited funds which have yet to arrive, so I am coordinating their expenditure if they arrive before teh PCV's replacement who is expected to start this summer. We heard from Don & Jean Davis, the Delphs, Steve Krawiec, Joann Feigl and Cathy Barrett. They asked soem interesting questions, which I will answer next week. Edwin #44 7 April 1996 Dear Everyone: It is holiday time for us (Passover) and for Cameroon (Easter). Our celebration of Passover has been very low keyed, and we have taken advantage of the time freed by Friday being a national holiday and Monday being a secondary-school holiday. On Wednesday evening we had a seder for three, Atey Patricia, an OIC colleague of Janice's, completing the triad. ['Atey' is, I believe, pidgin for 'Auntie.' gk] Aside from the various substitutions for impossible-to-obtain items,e.g. a shank bone, (but we did have matzo, thanks to Talia), we had a fairly complete seder, which Atey Patricia graciously claimed to enjoy. Towards the end of the evening I patiently explained to her that we were not Christians, which she vaguely understood Jews to not be, but somehow this understanding did not include Jews' lack of belief in Jesus Christ. I have the impression that Christian Cameroonians cannot comprehend a religion without a belief in Christ, although I don't know how their Moslem neighbors fit into all of this. While we were in Kumba with Talia, the PCV there, Terry Luschen, an astronomy buff, mentioned a lunar eclipse to take place Thursday evening at midnight. When Prabasaj and I independently learned that Friday was a national holiday--no one explicitly tells you these things; you just learn about them inadvertently (C'est l'Afrique)--we independently came up with the idea of ascending Mt Cameroon Thursday evening for a better view of the eclipse. I commented that "great minds run in the same circles," and he mildly contradicted me by saying, "Fools seldom differ." Our plan to use the light of the moon to illuminate the fairly rugged trail was foiled by a thunderstorm that ended a few minutes before our 7:30 departure. We took a somewhat circuitous route at the beginning to avoid the Mountain Gendarmes who enforce a rule that we pay $14/day per person fee to the tourism office, which in turn pays a guide $4/day to lead people up a trail impossible to miss, even in the dark. Soon after we started we found that we had modest visibility, perhaps because of light from Buea reflecting off the clouds, perhaps because of dark adaptation on our part, perhaps because of indirect moonlight through a thin cloud cover. As we reached Hut 1, 1/2 of the way up, we changed our plans to reach the summit by sunrise, when we expected it to be exceptionally clear, because Janice was feeling nauseated--I guess because she lacked a stable visual image to coordinate with the jiggling of her middle ear, a version of sea-sickness. We decided to stay over at Hut 1, and await the eclipse, which promised to be spectacular, because the storm cleared out completely as midnight approached. But then we saw no eclipse. Did Terry have the date wrong? Was the time EST not GMT? We don't know. The next morning we went another 2km up the mountain to leave the rain forest and enter the savannah, where we spent about an hour feasting our eyes on a forty-mile view. We then descended. Of course on the way down, we few people we encountered were acquaintances--Torste, who is a German volunteer at OIC, and his wife Ziggy, and Wuna Ivan. Wuna Ivan is married to Amelia, a fruit vendor with whom we have become friendly, and whose picture I had Steve Krawiec send us. Right now, Amelia is not vending fruit because of the birth of her first child six weeks ago. She asked Janice to 'name' the child, which apparently involves giving her her Christian name and participating in her christening. So far, Janice has met the first obligation by naming the child Allison. Ivan makes his living by selling butterflies, snakes and lizards which he captures on the mountain. Thus, we saw him on the job, inspecting his butterfly traps. These are long nylon mesh cylinders, with bottoms detached and suspended a few inches below the cylinders, leaving a gap for the butterflies to enter. They are attracted by the Guinness-laced banana, upon which they get drunk and consequently take days to find their way out. I am now going to attend a traditional wrestling match in the neighborhood and get some photos. Edwin PS. We can acknowledge receipt of no letters this week; what a bummer. #45 14 April 1996 Dear Everyone: As I write, it is the day before the Boston Marathon...At the moment, being in Boston and running a marathon both seem quite remote. This past week or so, Janice has finally seen her position at OIC clarify, after the various parties reached a compromise on satisfying their aims. OIC wanted someone to take charge of their hotel and kitchen and apply good old American know-how and principles to obtain an efficient, well-run, and, above all, profit-making operation. Peace Corps wanted to provide help that would sustain itself after the PCV left and, above all, did not want to displace a "host-country-nation" (PC talk for "native"). Janice did not want the responsibility of running the whole operation but wanted an opportunity to adopt American recipes for foods like pizza and hamburgers to the decidedly different Cameroonian palate. Her position as assistant supervisor and manager is meant to satisfy all these aims. Her work at OIC started out as a secondary project, but Janice hopes to abandon her teaching at GTC, because her responsibilities there are minimal and because she is dissatisfied with the way GTC is run. Then OIC would become her primary project. Will she then have to look around for another secondary project? Yesterday, Amelia and Ivo, the parents of Janice's god-child Alison, invited us to a party they were hosting for a high school friend of Ivo. Told that it would start at 3, we arrived at (the reasonable African time of) 4 and eventually learned that all the other guests had been told to arrive at 6:30. By the time the guests started to arrive around 8, Janice was getting tired, so we had to leave and miss most of the festivities. Because they were so few people there Ivo had a chance to show off his collection of insects, consisting mostly of butterflies, plus a few specimens of a rare beetle about the size of my hand. Soon after we settled in here I developed a mild hankering for toast but knew that an electric toaster would be hard to find and nearly prohibitive to purchase. From my youth, I recalled a device for making toast on top of a gas burner, but the details of its construction were quite hazy. Nevertheless, I decided to try and reinvent this device. Needing something to serve as a heat-deflector and something to serve as a rack, I tried to use the metal bottom of a powdered milk container for the deflector and chicken wire (a wire mesh used to fence in or about chickens, rabbits and other small animals) for the rack. My second prototype makes quite good toast, although I still have not figured out how to make the toast pop up when it is done. The heat deflector of my prototype is about 6" in diameter, has many holes punched in it, and rests on the burner. The rack is an inverted boxy U-shape, the platform measuring 5"x5", and the walls on which it stands measuring about 3". The whole thing costs me $.60, and I have enough chicken wire left for three more toasters. Edwin P.S. Having received only 3 letters in 2 weeks, from Gwen, Bill and Barbara Epstein, we have understanding how the mail works. Where's Gwen this summer? until May 14: New Haven (203)777-0733 May 15-June 22: c/o Joelle Davis 6825-D Brindle Heath Way Alexandria VA 22315 703-924-2634 June 22-July 24: Africa July 24-Aug 22: back w/Joelle Aug 23-Aug 25: Bethlehem for Becky's wedding Chava Weissler (610)868-6604 Aug 25: back in New Haven (will send out new N.H. address later) #46 21 April 1996 Dear Everyone: As I write this, I realize this is the 46th weekly letter to you, making it almost a year for us in Cameroon, yet our life is still not wholly routine, and we still are learning about our community here. As in any community, there is a complicated web of social interactions, and we are slowly unraveling this web. Daily, when we walk, people offer rides because we are familiar, and then they explain how they know us and what role they play in the community, daily in the taxi other passengers recognize us and explain in what context they know us or have seen us. Is it possible that our knowledge of the community will continue to grow throughout our two years here? On Tuesday an American couple arrived for a three week stay at the university. From the U of North Carolina, Gary Gaddy will give lectures in journalism and Sandy Gaddy will give some lectures in computer science. To welcome them, Ann Loux had a dinner, which included us, the American attache who arranged the visit, and the vice-chancellor (president). Yesterday, we contributed to their whirlwind education aobut Cameroon, by taking (or better, guiding) them to a display of traditional dancing by representatives of five different tribal groups. Each of the five groups had distinctive dances and costumes, yet their performances and dress were reminiscent of the dancing we attended at Nganka during our training in Ngoundere. I am now fairly sure taht the peculiar mixture of what would seem to traditional and what is clearly modern is authentic, an expression of the slow but continuing cultural change here. The same male dancer wearing a traditional 'wrapper' (a length of colorful cloth wrapped around the waist to form an ankle-length skirt) also wore a t-shirt advertising Sodiko, our favorite boulangerie in Douala. From another village the women had on war paint, but their skirts were fashioned not from grass, as I assume they were in the past, but from the nylon from shredded rice bags. While some of hte musical instruments were traditional log drums, others were fashioned from plastic tubing, available in the local hardware store. For me, the msot interesting performance was that of hte stilt dancers, who pranced around on legs eight feet long. Very early in my time here I noticed that Cameroonians have much less respect for waiting in line than Americans (who in turn have less respect for a queue than do Canadians, apparantly). At a party for host families in Ngoundere I was about fifth in line at the buffet, but by some mysterious process, I was about 30th to eat. After that, I have paid careful attention in every situation where queues (should) form and saw that Cameroonians are much more aggressive when exiting or entering rooms, when boarding or leaving buses, when retrieving exam papers from me, etc. When I am as aggressive as I would be in the US, I invariably get what I seek last. I think that for Americans, queuing expresses both civility and the egalitarian notion that everyone should wait his or her turn. Months ago I wrote that Cameroon is remarkably free of racism. In the sense I meant it then, that white men (as all whites, male or female, are called here) are dealt with openly, honestly, and without distrust, Cameroonians are not rascist, but, in fact, there is a general prejudice that while men are more intelligent, talented, and powerful, and that Africans are disorganized and are less well served by their social institutions. This is expressed in what I call the 'white man's deference,' where white men get advantages in many situations merely because they are whtie (except in the market, where the notion that all whtie men are rich puts them at a disadvantage in teh ever-present bargaining over price). It could be a good seat at a play; it could be a position of honor at some social event. This, in offending my egalitarian ideas, rankles. I arrived at the bank on Thursday to confront a group of about 10 customers crowded around the teller's cage, each demanding service. Bemused by this, to me, improper queuing behavior, I decided to wait my turn, with my bank book in hand rather [than] shoved under the teller's nose like everyone else's. In this case two anti-egalitarian wrongs made a right as the white man's deference canceled teh improper queuing, and my turn came at the appropriate time. Everyone clearly knew when it was my turn. This reinforces my notion that differences in societal behavior don't necessarily lead to better or worse results. I've gone on a bit long, so I will end here. Edwin P.S. Thanks for letters form Jean, Stephanie, Margaret, Wrubles, and Gwen and Bertha. #47 5 May 1996 Dear Everyone: Because this coming week is the last full week of the semester at the U of B, and because Janice and I are starting to disengage from our teaching at GTC, the tempo of our lives is about to change. We both intended to stop our work at GTC at the end of this school year, and the year was suddenly truncated when it was announced that finals would begin this coming Wednesday. apparently the classrooms are needs for some other (more important?) purpose. On Thursday we had a visit from a PCV from our stage, Bonnie Scott, who was traveling with her friends Susan who was on a business trip to investigate the effectiveness of the grants given by a small NYC foundation for which she works, Trickle Up. (Since their grants are for $100, I wonder whether this is a foundation which is all administration and no donation, but then $100 goes a long way in this part of the Third World.) Bonnie, the quickest and softest spoken PCV of our stage, was strolling the streets of Limbe with PCV Jon Lorenz during our training conference in December when a Cameroonian male assaulted them. The assailant unwisely concentrated his efforts on Jon who finally had a chance to try to draw the knife he carries with him. While the two males struggled, Bonnie, increasing her force with each blow, struck the Cameroonian male with a very durable soda bottle until it broke and the Cameroonian fled. Luckily, when we had Bonnie and Susan to dinner, Bonnie was in a friendlier mood. I have been waiting until the end of my time at GTC to assess the Cameroonian education at the secondary level, knowing hat the assessment would be pessimistic. However, my assessment is analogous to judging US education after a stint at Bethlehem Vo-Tech (no offense to that institution intended) because GTC serves the same role at Bethlehem Voc-Tech and in much the same way. The academically weaker students go to GTC and both the students and the teachers have a low opinion of the students. Form IV (grade 11) is the last formal schooling the students will have. The analogy is incomplete because the students do obtain marketable skills. So that my teaching at GTC would most easily mesh with my U of B schedule, I opted to teach Form II because its maths (as it is called here) class meets 7:30-9:20 Mondays and Tuesdays. Because of staff shortages, this meant that two other groups of students had no maths instruction at all this year. My first day at GTC I arrived at 7:15 to give me time to talk with the people in charge in order to find the location of my classroom, but there was nobody, at least no adult in charge, for I was the only adult on campus. Around 7:30 a student-led assembly began, and by about 7:50 I started teaching. This pattern has continued throughout my time at GTC: I see at most one or two adults when I arrive at 7:30 and patiently wait for the students to troop out of the assembly and enter their classrooms. At least during the time I am on campus, there are many fewer teachers than classes and numerous students wandering around. Cameroonian teachers seem to have no respect for the students, constantly belittling and humiliating them. They frequently send fractious students to the discipline master (or mistress) who usually administer corporal punishment with a green switch, although I saw one girl getting a free haircut because her hair was longer than them mandated half-inch. I and other PCVs, because we are less prone to use such tactics to maintain discipline are seen as soft and thus have greater trouble maintaining discipline. Further, I came to believe that the students need to assume greater responsibility for their own behavior. This did not make for a quiet classroom. I found the Form II students poorly prepared in maths. I tried to follow the syllabus for Form II, assuming the students knew the material in the syllabus for Form I, but this was a false assumption. To further muddle the situation, the text intended for Form II maths, a text that one or two of the students had, did not agree very well with the syllabus. Finally, both the syllabus and the text seemed to me to be extremely ambitious and to be oblivious to some of the basic facts of cognitive development, especially those that pertain to students of Form II age. I tried to salvage what I could from the situation. In the process I have actually seen some modest improvement in the maths skills of a few of the students. I have confirmed my suspicion that I am ill-suited to teaching students at this level, and I have a profoundly increased respect for teachers of this level of student. Teaching at GTC has met my goal of improving my understanding of the secondary school system here, which in turn improves my understanding of U of B students. Apparently Prabasaj and I are both quite successful because we give the students much more respect than do the other faculty, and the students respond eagerly to this treatment, perhaps because they infrequently encounter it. The U of B students, however, are caught off balance by my, extreme by American but normal by Cameroonian standards, rigidity about missed tests, late papers and such. Well, I have started to talk about the university classroom; I'll save details for a later letter. Edwin *** Gwen's new summer plans (same phone numbers, different dates) DC: May 14-July 12 New Haven: July 12-14 Africa: July 14-Aug 12 back in US: Aug 14. research at Rutgers, etc. (New Haven phone number will work in emergency: they will know where I am and how to find me) [#48] 12 May 1996 Dear Everyone: The Cameroonian mail system continues to surprise us. This week, Gwen's telegram about changes in travel plans took 6 days to reach our P.O. Box at the same time, a letter I addressed to the Davises was delivered to me, duly postmarked. This was quite magical, because it was a letter which I wanted to substantially amend after I had put it in the mail. C'est l'Afrique. Today Janice and I took another "trek," this one of about 5 hours and of about 10 miles. In the past we have always successfully bushwhacked on these treks but this time we went deep into the rain forest encountering a few physical and a final psychological dead end. Wisely we retraced our steps. We hope that when Gwen visits she will be interested in joining us in one or two treks. They are always informative. Today we explored the Tole Tea Plantation which occupies a complete mountain valley of about 3 square miles and includes what is essentially a company town of about 600 people. On one promontory we had a broad vista of Buea and environs in one direction and of Limbe and the Wouri estuary between Limbe and Douala in the other direction. Presently, I have a backlog of 30 topics I want to discuss. Today I strike albinism from the list. Both here and in Kumba (but not in Ngaoundere) we have seen what we think is a quite high rate of albinism. Albino negroes, lacking pigmentation and having kinky yellow hair, really stand out, but we are quite sure that does not mislead us into thinking there are more than there actually are. I hope before we leave we know enough about the culture here so that we understand the cultural role of the albino. Right now we do not know if albinos are stigmatized, though we suspect they are. We have heard, but have not verified, that they are unable to marry. Otherwise, the two albinos I have seen on campus and the two albino I see in our neighborhood seem to have friendly social interaction with their peers. In Kumba it did seem at least slightly cruel that an albino working at a taxi park had the nickname white man. I finish by thanking Epsteins, Talia, Gwen, Kritzes, Stanford, and Davises (nice pictures!) for their letters. Edwin