Publications all years listed by Author Name

or (chronologically)

1. Agranat, L., Raitskin, O., Sperling, J. & Sperling, R. The editing enzyme ADAR1 and the mRNA surveillance protein hUpf1 interact in the cell nucleus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105, 5028-33 (2008).

2. Agrawal, R. & Stormo, G.D. Editing efficiency of a Drosophila gene correlates with a distant splice site selection. Rna 11, 563-6 (2005).

3. Amore, M. et al. Sequence analysis of ADARB1 gene in patients with familial bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 81, 79-85 (2004).

4. Aruscavage, P.J. & Bass, B.L. A phylogenetic analysis reveals an unusual sequence conservation within introns involved in RNA editing. Rna 6, 257-69 (2000).

5. Athanasiadis, A., Rich, A. & Maas, S. Widespread A-to-I RNA editing of Alu-containing mRNAs in the human transcriptome. PLoS Biol 2, e391 (2004).

6. Bankamp, B. et al. Genetic variability and mRNA editing frequencies of the phosphoprotein genes of wild-type measles viruses. Virus Res 135, 298-306 (2008).

7. Barber, G.N. The NFAR's (nuclear factors associated with dsRNA): evolutionarily conserved members of the dsRNA binding protein family. RNA Biol 6, 35-9 (2009).

8. Barbon, A., Vallini, I., La Via, L., Marchina, E. & Barlati, S. Glutamate receptor RNA editing: a molecular analysis of GluR2, GluR5 and GluR6 in human brain tissues and in NT2 cells following in vitro neural differentiation. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 117, 168-78 (2003).

9. Bass, B.L. RNA editing. An I for editing. Curr Biol 5, 598-600 (1995).

10. Bass, B.L. Double-stranded RNA binding proteins and their substrates. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser, 13-5 (1995).

11. Bass, B.L. RNA editing and hypermutation by adenosine deamination. Trends Biochem Sci 22, 157-62 (1997).

12. Bass, B.L. RNA editing by adenosine deaminases that act on RNA. Annu Rev Biochem 71, 817-46 (2002).

13. Bass, B.L. & Weintraub, H. A developmentally regulated activity that unwinds RNA duplexes. Cell 48, 607-13 (1987).

14. Bass, B.L. & Weintraub, H. An unwinding activity that covalently modifies its double-stranded RNA substrate. Cell 55, 1089-98 (1988).

15. Bass, B.L., Weintraub, H., Cattaneo, R. & Billeter, M.A. Biased hypermutation of viral RNA genomes could be due to unwinding/modification of double-stranded RNA. Cell 56, 331 (1989).

16. Beiter, T., Reich, E., Williams, R.W. & Simon, P. Antisense transcription: a critical look in both directions. Cell Mol Life Sci 66, 94-112 (2009).

17. Belcher, S.M. & Howe, J.R. Characterization of RNA editing of the glutamate-receptor subunits GluR5 and GluR6 in granule cells during cerebellar development. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 52, 130-8 (1997).

18. Benne, R. RNA editing. The long and the short of it. Nature 380, 391-2 (1996).

19. Berg, K.A., Clarke, W.P., Cunningham, K.A. & Spampinato, U. Fine-tuning serotonin2c receptor function in the brain: molecular and functional implications. Neuropharmacology 55, 969-76 (2008).

20. Berg, K.A. et al. RNA-editing of the 5-HT(2C) receptor alters agonist-receptor-effector coupling specificity. Br J Pharmacol 134, 386-92 (2001).

21. Berg, K.A., Harvey, J.A., Spampinato, U. & Clarke, W.P. Physiological and therapeutic relevance of constitutive activity of 5-HT 2A and 5-HT 2C receptors for the treatment of depression. Prog Brain Res 172, 287-305 (2008).

22. Berger, I. et al. Spectroscopic characterization of a DNA-binding domain, Z alpha, from the editing enzyme, dsRNA adenosine deaminase: evidence for left-handed Z-DNA in the Z alpha-DNA complex. Biochemistry 37, 13313-21 (1998).

23. Berube, N.G. et al. Cloning and characterization of CRF, a novel C1q-related factor, expressed in areas of the brain involved in motor function. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 63, 233-40 (1999).

24. Bezanilla, F. RNA editing of a human potassium channel modifies its inactivation. Nat Struct Mol Biol 11, 915-6 (2004).

25. Bhalla, T., Rosenthal, J.J., Holmgren, M. & Reenan, R. Control of human potassium channel inactivation by editing of a small mRNA hairpin. Nat Struct Mol Biol 11, 950-6 (2004).

26. Blow, M., Futreal, P.A., Wooster, R. & Stratton, M.R. A survey of RNA editing in human brain. Genome Res 14, 2379-87 (2004).

27. Blow, M.J. et al. RNA editing of human microRNAs. Genome Biol 7, R27 (2006).

28. Bonvin, M. et al. Interferon-inducible expression of APOBEC3 editing enzymes in human hepatocytes and inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication. Hepatology 43, 1364-74 (2006).

29. Bratt, E. & Ohman, M. Coordination of editing and splicing of glutamate receptor pre-mRNA. Rna 9, 309-18 (2003).

30. Brooks, R., Eckmann, C.R. & Jantsch, M.F. The double-stranded RNA-binding domains of Xenopus laevis ADAR1 exhibit different RNA-binding behaviors. FEBS Lett 434, 121-6 (1998).

31. Brown, B.A., 2nd et al. Crystallization of the Zalpha domain of the human editing enzyme ADAR1 complexed with a DNA-RNA chimeric oligonucleotide in the left-handed Z-conformation. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 58, 120-3 (2002).

32. Brown, B.A., 2nd, Lowenhaupt, K., Wilbert, C.M., Hanlon, E.B. & Rich, A. The zalpha domain of the editing enzyme dsRNA adenosine deaminase binds left-handed Z-RNA as well as Z-DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97, 13532-6 (2000).

33. Brusa, R. et al. Early-onset epilepsy and postnatal lethality associated with an editing-deficient GluR-B allele in mice. Science 270, 1677-80 (1995).

34. Buckingham, S.D., Kwak, S., Jones, A.K., Blackshaw, S.E. & Sattelle, D.B. Edited GluR2, a gatekeeper for motor neurone survival? Bioessays 30, 1185-92 (2008).

35. Bundschuh, R. Computational prediction of RNA editing sites. Bioinformatics 20, 3214-20 (2004).

36. Burns, C.M. et al. Regulation of serotonin-2C receptor G-protein coupling by RNA editing. Nature 387, 303-8 (1997).

37. Canal, C.E., Mahautmr, K.C., Cao, C., Sanders-Bush, E. & Airey, D.C. RNA editing of the serotonin 2C receptor and expression of Galpha(q) protein: genetic mouse models do not support a role for regulation or compensation. J Neurochem 108, 1136-42 (2009).

38. Cao, J., Wu, X. & Jin, Y. Lower GC-content in editing exons: implications for regulation by molecular characteristics maintained by selection. Gene 421, 14-9 (2008).

39. Carlson, C.B., Stephens, O.M. & Beal, P.A. Recognition of double-stranded RNA by proteins and small molecules. Biopolymers 70, 86-102 (2003).

40. Casey, J.L. RNA editing in hepatitis delta virus genotype III requires a branched double-hairpin RNA structure. J Virol 76, 7385-97 (2002).

41. Casey, J.L. RNA editing in hepatitis delta virus. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 307, 67-89 (2006).

42. Casey, J.L. & Gerin, J.L. Hepatitis D virus RNA editing: specific modification of adenosine in the antigenomic RNA. J Virol 69, 7593-600 (1995).

43. Cattaneo, R. Biased (A-->I) hypermutation of animal RNA virus genomes. Curr Opin Genet Dev 4, 895-900 (1994).

44. Cenci, C. et al. Down-regulation of RNA editing in pediatric astrocytomas: ADAR2 editing activity inhibits cell migration and proliferation. J Biol Chem 283, 7251-60 (2008).

45. Chang, C. et al. A novel amino acid substitution in a voltage-gated sodium channel is associated with knockdown resistance to permethrin in Aedes aegypti. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 39, 272-8 (2009).

46. Chen, C.X. et al. A third member of the RNA-specific adenosine deaminase gene family, ADAR3, contains both single- and double-stranded RNA binding domains. Rna 6, 755-67 (2000).

47. Chen, L.L. & Carmichael, G.G. Gene regulation by SINES and inosines: Biological consequences of A-to-I editing of Alu element inverted repeats. Cell Cycle 7, 3294-301 (2008).

48. Chen, L.L., DeCerbo, J.N. & Carmichael, G.G. Alu element-mediated gene silencing. EMBO J 27, 1694-705 (2008).

49. Chen, Y.C. et al. A real-time PCR method for the quantitative analysis of RNA editing at specific sites. Anal Biochem 375, 46-52 (2008).

50. Chen, Z., Hirano, A. & Wong, T.C. Isolation and characterization of intranuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes associated with double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase from brain cells: implications for RNA-editing and hypermutation of viral RNA in the CNS. J Neurovirol 1, 295-306 (1995).

51. Chilibeck, K.A. et al. FRET analysis of in vivo dimerization by RNA-editing enzymes. J Biol Chem 281, 16530-5 (2006).

52. Cho, D.S. et al. Requirement of dimerization for RNA editing activity of adenosine deaminases acting on RNA. J Biol Chem 278, 17093-102 (2003).

53. Clemson, C.M. et al. An architectural role for a nuclear noncoding RNA: NEAT1 RNA is essential for the structure of paraspeckles. Mol Cell 33, 717-26 (2009).

54. Clutterbuck, D.R., Leroy, A., O'Connell M, A. & Semple, C.A. A bioinformatic screen for novel A-I RNA editing sites reveals re-coding editing in BC10. Bioinformatics (2005).

55. Collins, L.J. & Penny, D. The RNA infrastructure: dark matter of the eukaryotic cell? Trends Genet 25, 120-8 (2009).

56. Dabiri, G.A., Lai, F., Drakas, R.A. & Nishikura, K. Editing of the GLuR-B ion channel RNA in vitro by recombinant double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase. Embo J 15, 34-45 (1996).

57. Dawson, T.R., Sansam, C.L. & Emeson, R.B. Structure and sequence determinants required for the RNA editing of ADAR2 substrates. J Biol Chem 279, 4941-51 (2004).

58. de Zulueta, M.P. & Matute, C. Reduced editing of low-affinity kainate receptor subunits in optic nerve glial cells. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 73, 104-9 (1999).

59. Desterro, J.M. et al. Dynamic association of RNA-editing enzymes with the nucleolus. J Cell Sci 116, 1805-18 (2003).

60. Diegelmann, S. et al. The conserved protein kinase-A target motif in synapsin of Drosophila is effectively modified by pre-mRNA editing. BMC Neurosci 7, 76 (2006).

61. Doe, C.M. et al. Loss of the imprinted snoRNA mbii-52 leads to increased 5htr2c pre-RNA editing and altered 5HT2CR mediated behaviour. Hum Mol Genet (2009).

62. Domeier, M.E. et al. A link between RNA interference and nonsense-mediated decay in Caenorhabditis elegans. Science 289, 1928-31 (2000).

63. Doyle, M. & Jantsch, M.F. Distinct in vivo roles for double-stranded RNA-binding domains of the Xenopus RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 in chromosomal targeting. J Cell Biol 161, 309-19 (2003).

64. Dracheva, S., Chin, B. & Haroutunian, V. Altered serotonin 2C receptor RNA splicing in suicide: association with editing. Neuroreport 19, 379-82 (2008).

65. Dracheva, S. et al. RNA editing and alternative splicing of human serotonin 2C receptor in schizophrenia. J Neurochem 87, 1402-12 (2003).

66. Dracheva, S. et al. Increased serotonin 2C receptor mRNA editing: a possible risk factor for suicide. Mol Psychiatry 13, 1001-10 (2008).

67. Du, Y., Davisson, M.T., Kafadar, K. & Gardiner, K. A-to-I pre-mRNA editing of the serotonin 2C receptor: Comparisons among inbred mouse strains. Gene (2006).

68. Eckmann, C.R. & Jantsch, M.F. The RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 is localized to the nascent ribonucleoprotein matrix on Xenopus lampbrush chromosomes but specifically associates with an atypical loop. J Cell Biol 144, 603-15 (1999).

69. Eckmann, C.R., Neunteufl, A., Pfaffstetter, L. & Jantsch, M.F. The human but not the Xenopus RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 has an atypical nuclear localization signal and displays the characteristics of a shuttling protein. Mol Biol Cell 12, 1911-24 (2001).

70. Eisenberg, E. et al. IdentificIation of RNA editing sites in the SNP database. Nucleic Acids Res 33, 4612-7 (2005).

71. Eisenberg, E. et al. Is abundant A-to-I RNA editing primate-specific? Trends Genet 21, 77-81 (2005).

72. Elias, Y. & Huang, R.H. Biochemical and structural studies of A-to-I editing by tRNA:A34 deaminases at the wobble position of transfer RNA. Biochemistry 44, 12057-65 (2005).

73. Es-Salah, Z., Lapied, B., Le Goff, G. & Hamon, A. RNA editing regulates insect gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor function and insecticide sensitivity. Neuroreport 19, 939-43 (2008).

74. Feng, Y., Sansam, C.L., Singh, M. & Emeson, R.B. Altered RNA editing in mice lacking ADAR2 autoregulation. Mol Cell Biol 26, 480-8 (2006).

75. Fitzgerald, L.W. et al. Messenger RNA Editing of the Human Serotonin 5-HT(2C) Receptor. Neuropsychopharmacology 21 Suppl 1, S82-90 (1999).

76. Flomen, R., Knight, J., Sham, P., Kerwin, R. & Makoff, A. Evidence that RNA editing modulates splice site selection in the 5-HT2C receptor gene. Nucleic Acids Res 32, 2113-22 (2004).

77. Fritz, J. et al. RNA-regulated interaction of transportin-1 and exportin-5 with the double-stranded RNA-binding domain regulates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of ADAR1. Mol Cell Biol 29, 1487-97 (2009).

78. Gallo, A. & Galardi, S. A-to-I RNA editing and cancer: From pathology to basic science. RNA Biol 5(2008).

79. Gallo, A., Keegan, L.P., Ring, G.M. & O'Connell, M.A. An ADAR that edits transcripts encoding ion channel subunits functions as a dimer. Embo J 22, 3421-30 (2003).

80. Gan, Z. et al. RNA editing by ADAR2 is metabolically regulated in pancreatic islets and beta -cells. J Biol Chem (2006).

81. Gardiner, K. & Du, Y. A-to-I editing of the 5HT2C receptor and behaviour. Brief Funct Genomic Proteomic 5, 37-42 (2006).

82. Geiger, J.R. et al. Relative abundance of subunit mRNAs determines gating and Ca2+ permeability of AMPA receptors in principal neurons and interneurons in rat CNS. Neuron 15, 193-204 (1995).

83. George, C.X., Das, S. & Samuel, C.E. Organization of the mouse RNA-specific adenosine deaminase Adar1 gene 5'-region and demonstration of STAT1-independent, STAT2-dependent transcriptional activation by interferon. Virology 380, 338-43 (2008).

84. George, C.X. & Samuel, C.E. Human RNA-specific adenosine deaminase ADAR1 transcripts possess alternative exon 1 structures that initiate from different promoters, one constitutively active and the other interferon inducible. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96, 4621-6 (1999).

85. George, C.X. & Samuel, C.E. Characterization of the 5'-flanking region of the human RNA-specific adenosine deaminase ADAR1 gene and identification of an interferon-inducible ADAR1 promoter. Gene 229, 203-13 (1999).

86. George, C.X., Wagner, M.V. & Samuel, C.E. Expression of interferon-inducible RNA adenosine deaminase ADAR1 during pathogen infection and mouse embryo development involves tissue-selective promoter utilization and alternative splicing. J Biol Chem 280, 15020-8 (2005).

87. Gerber, A., Grosjean, H., Melcher, T. & Keller, W. Tad1p, a yeast tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase, is related to the mammalian pre-mRNA editing enzymes ADAR1 and ADAR2. Embo J 17, 4780-9 (1998).

88. Gerber, A., O'Connell, M.A. & Keller, W. Two forms of human double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1 (hRED1) generated by the insertion of an Alu cassette. Rna 3, 453-63 (1997).

89. Gerber, A.P. & Keller, W. RNA editing by base deamination: more enzymes, more targets, new mysteries. Trends Biochem Sci 26, 376-84 (2001).

90. Ghai, R. et al. C1q and its growing family. Immunobiology 212, 253-66 (2007).

91. Gill, A., Birdsey-Benson, A., Jones, B.L., Henderson, L.P. & Madden, D.R. Correlating AMPA Receptor Activation and Cleft Closure across Subunits: Crystal Structures of the GluR4 Ligand-Binding Domain in Complex with Full and Partial Agonists (dagger). Biochemistry 47, 13831-41 (2008).

92. Glanzer, J.G. et al. Genomic and proteomic microglial profiling: pathways for neuroprotective inflammatory responses following nerve fragment clearance and activation. J Neurochem 102, 627-45 (2007).

93. Gommans, W.M., Dupuis, D.E., McCane, J.E., Tatalias, N.E. & Maas, S. Diversifying Exon Code through A-to-I RNA Editing. in DNA RNA Editing (ed. Smith, H.) 3-30 (Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2008).

94. Gommans, W.M. & Maas, S. Characterization of ADAR1-mediated modulation of gene expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 377, 170-5 (2008).

95. Gommans, W.M. et al. Screening of human SNP database identifies recoding sites of A-to-I RNA editing. RNA 14, 2074-85 (2008).

96. Gott, J.M. & Emeson, R.B. Functions and mechanisms of RNA editing. Annu Rev Genet 34, 499-531 (2000).

97. Grauso, M., Reenan, R.A., Culetto, E. & Sattelle, D.B. Novel putative nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genes, Dalpha5, Dalpha6 and Dalpha7, in Drosophila melanogaster identify a new and highly conserved target of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA-mediated A-to-I pre-mRNA editing. Genetics 160, 1519-33 (2002).

98. Grigorenko, E.V., Bell, W.L., Glazier, S., Pons, T. & Deadwyler, S. Editing status at the Q/R site of the GluR2 and GluR6 glutamate receptor subunits in the surgically excised hippocampus of patients with refractory epilepsy. Neuroreport 9, 2219-24 (1998).

99. Gu, R., Zhang, Z., Decerbo, J.N. & Carmichael, G.G. Gene regulation by sense-antisense overlap of polyadenylation signals. RNA (2009).

100. Guryev, V. et al. Genetic variation in the zebrafish. Genome Res 16, 491-7 (2006).

101. Hallegger, M., Taschner, A. & Jantsch, M.F. RNA aptamers binding the double-stranded RNA-binding domain. Rna 12, 1993-2004 (2006).

102. Hang, P.N., Tohda, M. & Matsumoto, K. Developmental changes in expression and self-editing of adenosine deaminase type 2 pre-mRNA and mRNA in rat brain and cultured cortical neurons. Neurosci Res 61, 398-403 (2008).

103. Hanrahan, C.J., Palladino, M.J., Bonneau, L.J. & Reenan, R.A. RNA editing of a Drosophila sodium channel gene. Ann N Y Acad Sci 868, 51-66 (1999).

104. Hanrahan, C.J., Palladino, M.J., Ganetzky, B. & Reenan, R.A. RNA editing of the Drosophila para Na(+) channel transcript. Evolutionary conservation and developmental regulation. Genetics 155, 1149-60 (2000).

105. Hartmann, B. & Valcarcel, J. Decrypting the genome's alternative messages. Curr Opin Cell Biol (2009).

106. Hartner, J.C. et al. Liver disintegration in the mouse embryo caused by deficiency in the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1. J Biol Chem 279, 4894-902 (2004).

107. Hartwig, D. et al. The large form of ADAR 1 is responsible for enhanced hepatitis delta virus RNA editing in interferon-alpha-stimulated host cells. J Viral Hepat 13, 150-7 (2006).

108. Haudenschild, B.L. et al. A transition state analogue for an RNA-editing reaction. J Am Chem Soc 126, 11213-9 (2004).

109. Herb, A., Higuchi, M., Sprengel, R. & Seeburg, P.H. Q/R site editing in kainate receptor GluR5 and GluR6 pre-mRNAs requires distant intronic sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93, 1875-80 (1996).

110. Herbert, A. RNA editing, introns and evolution. Trends Genet 12, 6-9 (1996).

111. Herbert, A. The four Rs of RNA-directed evolution. Nat Genet 36, 19-25 (2004).

112. Herbert, A. et al. A Z-DNA binding domain present in the human editing enzyme, double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94, 8421-6 (1997).

113. Herbert, A., Lowenhaupt, K., Spitzner, J. & Rich, A. Chicken double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase has apparent specificity for Z-DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92, 7550-4 (1995).

114. Herbert, A., Lowenhaupt, K., Spitzner, J. & Rich, A. Double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase binds Z-DNA in vitro. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser, 16-9 (1995).

115. Herbert, A. & Rich, A. The role of binding domains for dsRNA and Z-DNA in the in vivo editing of minimal substrates by ADAR1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98, 12132-7 (2001).

116. Herbert, A. et al. The Zalpha domain from human ADAR1 binds to the Z-DNA conformer of many different sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 26, 3486-93 (1998).

117. Herbert, A., Wagner, S. & Nickerson, J.A. Induction of protein translation by ADAR1 within living cell nuclei is not dependent on RNA editing. Mol Cell 10, 1235-46 (2002).

118. Higuchi, M. et al. Point mutation in an AMPA receptor gene rescues lethality in mice deficient in the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR2. Nature 406, 78-81 (2000).

119. Higuchi, M. et al. RNA editing of AMPA receptor subunit GluR-B: a base-paired intron-exon structure determines position and efficiency. Cell 75, 1361-70 (1993).

120. Hoopengardner, B. Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing: perspectives and predictions. Mini Rev Med Chem 6, 1213-6 (2006).

121. Hoopengardner, B., Bhalla, T., Staber, C. & Reenan, R. Nervous system targets of RNA editing identified by comparative genomics. Science 301, 832-6 (2003).

122. Hundley, H.A., Krauchuk, A.A. & Bass, B.L. C. elegans and H. sapiens mRNAs with edited 3' UTRs are present on polysomes. RNA 14, 2050-60 (2008).

123. Hunsberger, J.G., Bennett, A.H., Selvanayagam, E., Duman, R.S. & Newton, S.S. Gene profiling the response to kainic acid induced seizures. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 141, 95-112 (2005).

124. Hurst, S.R., Hough, R.F., Aruscavage, P.J. & Bass, B.L. Deamination of mammalian glutamate receptor RNA by Xenopus dsRNA adenosine deaminase: similarities to in vivo RNA editing. Rna 1, 1051-60 (1995).

125. Iizasa, H. & Nishikura, K. A new function for the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1. Nat Immunol 10, 16-8 (2009).

126. Ingleby, L., Maloney, R., Jepson, J., Horn, R. & Reenan, R. Regulated RNA editing and functional epistasis in Shaker potassium channels. J Gen Physiol 133, 17-27 (2009).

127. Isalan, M. et al. Evolvability and hierarchy in rewired bacterial gene networks. Nature 452, 840-5 (2008).

128. Iwamoto, K., Bundo, M. & Kato, T. Serotonin receptor 2C and mental disorders: Genetic, expression and RNA editing studies. RNA Biol 6(2009).

129. Jacobs, M.M., Fogg, R.L., Emeson, R.B. & Stanwood, G.D. ADAR1 and ADAR2 expression and editing activity during forebrain development. Dev Neurosci 31, 223-37 (2009).

130. Jaikaran, D.C., Collins, C.H. & MacMillan, A.M. Adenosine to inosine editing by ADAR2 requires formation of a ternary complex on the GluR-B R/G site. J Biol Chem 277, 37624-9 (2002).

131. Jayalath, P., Pokharel, S., Veliz, E. & Beal, P.A. Synthesis and evaluation of an RNA editing substrate bearing 2'-deoxy-2'-mercaptoadenosine. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 28, 78-88 (2009).

132. Jayan, G.C. RNA editing in hepatitis delta virus: unsolved puzzles. ScientificWorldJournal 4, 628-37 (2004).

133. Jayan, G.C. & Casey, J.L. Inhibition of hepatitis delta virus RNA editing by short inhibitory RNA-mediated knockdown of ADAR1 but not ADAR2 expression. J Virol 76, 12399-404 (2002).

134. Jayan, G.C. & Casey, J.L. Increased RNA editing and inhibition of hepatitis delta virus replication by high-level expression of ADAR1 and ADAR2. J Virol 76, 3819-27 (2002).

135. Jeong, K.Y. et al. Sequence diversity of the Bla g 4 cockroach allergen, homologous to lipocalins, from Blattella germanica. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 148, 339-45 (2009).

136. Jeong, K.Y. et al. Sequence diversity of the Bla g 4 cockroach allergen, homologous to lipocalins, from Blattella germanica. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 148, 339-45 (2009).

137. Jepson, J.E. & Reenan, R.A. RNA editing in regulating gene expression in the brain. Biochim Biophys Acta 1779, 459-70 (2008).

138. Johnston, N. Abundant A-to-I editing in the human transcriptome. Drug Discov Today 9, 822-3 (2004).

139. Jones, A.G., Arnold, S.J. & Burger, R. The mutation matrix and the evolution of evolvability. Evolution 61, 727-45 (2007).

140. Jones, A.K. et al. Splice-variant- and stage-specific RNA editing of the Drosophila GABA receptor modulates agonist potency. J Neurosci 29, 4287-92 (2009).

141. Jones, A.K., Grauso, M. & Sattelle, D.B. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene family of the malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Genomics 85, 176-87 (2005).

142. Jones, A.K., Raymond-Delpech, V., Thany, S.H., Gauthier, M. & Sattelle, D.B. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene family of the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Genome Res 16, 1422-30 (2006).

143. Kallman, A.M., Sahlin, M. & Ohman, M. ADAR2 A-->I editing: site selectivity and editing efficiency are separate events. Nucleic Acids Res 31, 4874-81 (2003).

144. Kawahara, Y. et al. Dysregulated editing of serotonin 2C receptor mRNAs results in energy dissipation and loss of fat mass. J Neurosci 28, 12834-44 (2008).

145. Kawahara, Y., Ito, K., Ito, M., Tsuji, S. & Kwak, S. Novel splice variants of human ADAR2 mRNA: skipping of the exon encoding the dsRNA-binding domains, and multiple C-terminal splice sites. Gene 363, 193-201 (2005).

146. Kawahara, Y. et al. Glutamate receptors: RNA editing and death of motor neurons. Nature 427, 801 (2004).

147. Kawahara, Y. et al. Regulation of glutamate receptor RNA editing and ADAR mRNA expression in developing human normal and Down's syndrome brains. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 148, 151-5 (2004).

148. Kawahara, Y., Ito, K., Sun, H., Kanazawa, I. & Kwak, S. Low editing efficiency of GluR2 mRNA is associated with a low relative abundance of ADAR2 mRNA in white matter of normal human brain. Eur J Neurosci 18, 23-33 (2003).

149. Kawahara, Y. et al. Frequency and fate of microRNA editing in human brain. Nucleic Acids Res 36, 5270-80 (2008).

150. Kawahara, Y. & Nishikura, K. Extensive adenosine-to-inosine editing detected in Alu repeats of antisense RNAs reveals scarcity of sense-antisense duplex formation. FEBS Lett (2006).

151. Kawahara, Y. et al. Redirection of silencing targets by adenosine-to-inosine editing of miRNAs. Science 315, 1137-40 (2007).

152. Kawakubo, K. & Samuel, C.E. Human RNA-specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR1) gene specifies transcripts that initiate from a constitutively active alternative promoter. Gene 258, 165-72 (2000).

153. Keegan, L.P., Gallo, A. & O'Connell, M.A. Development. Survival is impossible without an editor. Science 290, 1707-9 (2000).

154. Keegan, L.P., Gallo, A. & O'Connell, M.A. The many roles of an RNA editor. Nat Rev Genet 2, 869-78 (2001).

155. Keegan, L.P. et al. The properties of a tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase from Drosophila melanogaster support an evolutionary link between pre-mRNA editing and tRNA modification. Mol Cell Biol 20, 825-33 (2000).

156. Keegan, L.P., Leroy, A., Sproul, D. & O'Connell, M.A. Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs): RNA-editing enzymes. Genome Biol 5, 209 (2004).

157. Keller, W., Wolf, J. & Gerber, A. Editing of messenger RNA precursors and of tRNAs by adenosine to inosine conversion. FEBS Lett 452, 71-6 (1999).

158. Kim, D.D. et al. Widespread RNA editing of embedded alu elements in the human transcriptome. Genome Res 14, 1719-25 (2004).

159. Kim, U. et al. Purification and characterization of double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase from bovine nuclear extracts. J Biol Chem 269, 13480-9 (1994).

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