Selected Publications
Bickhard, M. H. (2007). Language as an Interaction System.
New Ideas in Psychology, 25(2), 171-187.
Christopher, J. C., Bickhard, M. H. (2007). Culture, Self and Identity:
Interactivist Contributions to a Metatheory for Cultural Psychology.
Culture & Psychology, 13(3), 259-295.
Bickhard, M. H. (2006). Developmental Normativity and Normative Development.
In L. Smith, J. Voneche (Eds.) Norms in Human Development. (57-76).
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bickhard, M. H. (2005). Consciousness and Reflective Consciousness.
Philosophical Psychology, 18(2), 205-218.
Bickhard, M. H. (2004). The Social Ontology of Persons.
In J. I. M. Carpendale, U. Muller (Eds.) Social Interaction and the
Development of Knowledge. (111-132). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Bickhard, M. H. (2004). Process and Emergence: Normative Function
and Representation. Axiomathes - An International Journal in Ontology
and Cognitive Systems, 14, 135-169.
Also in: Seibt, J. (2003). Process Theories: Crossdisciplinary Studies in
Dynamic Categories. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.
Bickhard, M. H., Campbell, D. T. (2003). Variations in Variation and Selection:
The Ubiquity of the Variation-and-Selective Retention Ratchet in Emergent
Organizational Complexity. Foundations of Science, 8(3), 215-282.
Bickhard, M. H. (2003). Some notes on internal and external relations
and representation. Consciousness & Emotion, 4(1), 101-110.
Bickhard, M. H. (2002). Critical Principles: On the Negative Side of
Rationality. New Ideas in Psychology, 20, 1-34.
Christensen, W. D., Bickhard, M. H. (2002). The Process Dynamics of
Normative Function. Monist, 85(1), 3-28.
Bickhard, M. H. (2001). Why Children Don't Have to Solve the
Frame Problems: Cognitive Representations are not Encodings.
Developmental Review, 21, 224-262.
Christopher, J. C., Bickhard, M. H., Lambeth, G. S. (2001). Otto
Kernberg's Object Relations Theory: A Metapsychological Critique.
Theory and Psychology, 11(5), 687-711.
Bickhard, M. H. (2000). Motivation and Emotion: An Interactive Process
Model. In R. D. Ellis, N. Newton (Eds.) The Caldron of Consciousness.
(161-178). J. Benjamins.
Levine, A., Bickhard, M. H. (1999). Concepts: Where Fodor Went Wrong.
Philosophical Psychology, 12(1), 5-23.
Bickhard, M. H. (1999). Interaction and Representation. Theory &
Psychology, 9(4), 435-458.
Bickhard, M. H. (1998). Robots and Representations. In R. Pfeifer,
B. Blumberg, J.-A. Meyer, S. W. Wilson (Eds.) From Animals to Animats 5.
(58-63). Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Simulation of
Adaptive Behavior. Zurich, Switzerland, August 17 - 21, 1998. MIT.
Bickhard, M. H. (1997). Cognitive Representation in the Brain. In R.
Dulbecco (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Human Biology. 2nd Ed. (865-876).
San Diego: Academic Press.
Bickhard, M. H. (1995). Intrinsic Constraints on Language: Grammar
and Hermeneutics. Journal of Pragmatics, 23, 541-554.
Bickhard, M. H., Terveen, L. (1995). Foundational Issues in Artificial
Intelligence and Cognitive Science: Impasse and Solution. Elsevier Scientific.