Works CitedAlleva, Richard. "Good bye, Columbus: Ridley Scott's '1492'." Commonweal 20 November 1992: 20-21.
Axtell, James. Beyond 1492: Encounters in Colonial North America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Ayala, Sergio Rivera, and Sonya Lipsett-Rivera. "Columbus Takes On the Forces of Darkness, or Film and Historical Myth in 1492: The Conquest of Paradise." Based on a True Story: Latin American History at the Movies. Ed. Donald F. Stevens. Willmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources Inc., 1997.
Benjamin, Walter. "Theses On The Philosophy Of History." Illuminations. 1955. Trans. Harry Zohn. New York: Schocken Books, 1968.
Bodmer, Beatriz Pastor. The Armature of Conquest. Stanford: Stanford U P, 1992.
Bowater, Ian. "'1492' Writer's Dramatic Feast Starved By Final Editing." Los Angeles Times 2 November 1992: F3.
Burke-Block, Candace. "Ridley Scott's Newest World." The San Francisco Chronicle 7 October 1992: E1.
Bushman, Claudia L. America Discovers Columbus: How An Italian Explorer Became An American Hero. Hanover: UP of New England, 1992.
Cacciutto, Franklin C. "Columbus In Chains: The Image of Columbus in Literature." Diss. St. John's University, New York, 1991.
Canby, Vincent. Rev. of 1492: Conquest of Paradise. The New York Times 9 October 1992: C21.
Carr, Jay. "Ridley Scott's Beautiful but Shallow '1492'." The Boston Globe 9 October 1992: 85.
Christopher Columbus and Early European Exploration
http://www.nypl.org/research/chss/grd/resguides/columbus.htmlChurchill, Ward. Indians Are Us? Culture and Genocide in Native North America. Maine: Common Courage, 1994.
Clark, Mike. "Columbus Sails Off Course in '1492'." USA Today 9 October 1992: 8D.
Columbus and the Age of Discovery
http://www.millersv.edu/~columbus/data/Columbus, Christopher. The Diario of Christopher Columbus's First Voyage to America, 1492-1493: Abstracted by Bartolome de las Casas. Trans. Oliver Dunn and James E. Kelley, Jr. Norman: U of Oklahoma P, 1989.
Columbus Didn't Discover Us. Video. Massachussetts: Turning Tide Productions, 1992.
The Columbus Landfall Homepage
http://www1.minn.net/~keithp/cclandfl.htmColumbus On Trial. Video. New York: Women Make Movies, 1993.
The Columbus Navigation Homepage
http://www1.minn.net/~keithp/Columbus's World. Video. Princeton, NJ: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, Inc., 1991.
Cowley, Geoffrey. "The Great Disease." Newsweek Fall/Winter 1991 (Special Issue):54-56.
Davenport, Hugo. "The Arts: Heaven and Hell On The High Seas." The Daily Telegraph 22 October 1992: 14.
Davies, Tristan. "The Arts: Talent That Travels." The Daily Telegraph 20 February 1993: 17.
Deleuze, Gilles. Negotiations. Trans. Martin Jorghin. New York: Columbia U P, 1995.
DeSirey, Jan, Chris Dodge, and John Yewell. Confronting Columbus. Jefferson: McFarland and Co., 1992.
Discoverers Web
http://www.win.tue.nl/~engels/discovery/Ebel, Mark T. Five Films of Pre-Columbian Culture, The Discovery of the New World, and the Spanish Conquest. Diss. Florida State U, 1996. Ann Arbor: UMI, 1997.
Ebert, Roger. "Discovering Columbus; Romantic '1492' Reveals His Dogged Complexity." Chicago Sun-Times 9 October 1992: 42.
Elliot, David. Rev. of 1492: Conquest of Paradise. The San Diego Union-Tribune 8 October 1992: 11.
Extracts from Columbus' Journal on the First Voyage
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/columbus1.htmlA Faithful Response to the 500th Anniversary of the Arrival of Christopher Columbus
http://www.indians.org/welker/faithful.htmFanon, Frantz. The Wretched Of The Earth. 1961. New York: Grove Press, 1968.
1492: An Ongoing Voyage
http://metalab.unc.edu/expo/1492.exhibit/Intro.htmlFristone, Roger. Rev. of 1492: Conquest of Paradise. The Courier-Journal 10 October 1992: 27S.
Garcia, Maria. Rev. of 1492: Conquest of Paradise. Films In Review 44.5-6 (June 1993): 194-97.
Gates, David. "Who Was Columbus?" Newsweek Fall/Winter 1991 (Special Issue): 29-31.
Gelman, David. "Columbus and His Four Fateful Voyages." Newsweek Fall/Winter 1991 (Special Issue): 39-46.
Gonzalez, Ray, ed. Without Discovery: A Native Response to Columbus. Seattle: Broken Moon, 1992.
Green, Tom. "'1492' Puts Wind in Depardieu's Sails." USA Today 8 October 1992: 1D.
Greenblatt, Stephen. Marvelous Possessions: The Wonder of the New World. Chicago: The U of Chicago P, 1991.
Griffin, John. "Heaven and Hell Collide In Ridley Scott's Epic Film." The Gazette 9 October 1992: D2.
Gritten, David. "The Arts: The Man Who Dresses In The Dark: Gerard Depardieu, Star Of The New Blockbuster Columbus Movie '1492', Talks To David Gritten About His Wildly Unconventional Career." The Sunday Telegraph 11 October 1992: 113.
Hedges, William L. "Irving's Columbus: The Problem Of Romantic Biography." The Americas 13:2 (1956):127-40.
Herd, Deborah. "That Sinking Feeling." South China Morning Post 30 December 1995: 11.
Hinson, Hal. "'1492': That Sinking Feeling." The Washington Post 9 October 1992: B1.
Howe, Desson. "Paradise Lost Again." The Washington Post 9 October 1992: N42.
Irving, Washington. The Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus. New York: G. & G. Garvill, 1828.
Jackson, Kevin. "Sailing The Ocean Blues." The Independent 23 October 1992: 16.
Jorgen, Randolph, ed. Columbus and Beyond. Tuscon: Southwest Parks and Monuments Association, 1992.
LaSalle, Mick. "'1492' Needs a Map." The San Francisco Chronicle 9 October 1992: C1.
Le Beau, Brian F. "Of Hollywood and History: The Columbus Movies of '92." American Studies 34:1 (1993): 151-57.
Lipper, Hal. "Discovering Columbus." St. Petersburg Times 9 October 1992: 21.
---. "Seeks His Destiny." St. Petersburg Times 9 October 1992: 20.
Loewen, James. W. Lies My Teacher Told Me. New York: New Press, 1995.
Loewenberg, James. American History In American Thought: Christopher Columbus To Henry Adams. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1972.
MacInnis, Craig. "Ridley Scott's Taking All Comers In Debate On Columbus's Ethics." The Toronto Star 7 October 1992: F1.
---. "Depardieu: An Epic Columbus." The Toronto Star 9 October 1992: C5.
Malcolm, Derek. "Film: Black Truth, White Lies." The Guardian 22 October 1992: 6.
McCarthy, Todd. Rev. of 1492: Conquest of Paradise. Variety 12 October 1992: 185.
Miller, Susan. "The High Price Of Sugar." Newsweek Fall/Winter 1991 (Special Issue):70-74.
Minh-ha, Trinh T. When The Moon Waxes Red. New York: Routledge, 1991.
Morganthau, Tom. "Slavery: How It Built the New World." Newsweek Fall/Winter 1991 (Special Issue):66-69.
Morison, Samuel Eliot. Journals and Other Documents on the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus. New York: The Heritage Press, 1963.
Pagden, Anthony. European Encounters with the New World. London: Yale U P, 1993.
Paz, Octavio. "The Labyrinth Of Solitude." The Labyrinth Of Solitude And Other Writings. 1961. New York: Grove, 1985.
Royal, Robert. 1492 And All That: Political Manipulations of History. Baltimore: Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1992.
Sale, Kirkpatrick. The Conquest of Paradise: Christopher Columbus and the Columbian Legacy. New York: Knopf, 1990.
Schnaubelt, Joseph C., and Frederick Van Fleteren, eds. Columbus and the New World. New York: Peter Lang, 1998.
Shannon, Jeff. "Scott's '1492': A Sage Strays Off Course." The Seattle Times 9 October 1992: 3.
Sokolov, Raymond. "Stop Knocking Columbus." Newsweek Fall/Winter 1991 (Special Issue):82.
Stam, Robert. "Cinema And The Columbus Debate." Cineaste 19:4 (1992): 66-71.
Stavans, Ilan. Imagining Columbus: The Literary Voyage. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1993.
Strauss, Bob. "Depardieu Finds '1492' Parallels His Life's Passage." Chicago Sun-Times 4 October 1992: 3.
Strick, Philip. Rev. of 1492: Conquest of Paradise. Sight and Sound 2.7 (1992): 41-42.
This Just In . . . Columbus Has Landed. Video. Nebraska: Creighton University, 1991.
Turan, Kenneth. "New World Disorder; Ridley Scott's '1492' Fills The Screen With Dazzling Visual Spectacle. But In
Dramatic Terms, Its Paradise Lost." Los Angeles Times 9 October 1992: F1.Wollen, Peter. "Cinema's Conquistadors." Sight and Sound 2:7 (1992): 21-23.
World's Columbian Exposition (1893)
http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA96/WCE/title.html
Copyright (c) 2000 by Christopher Robe’, Graduate Student at Lehigh University.
This text may be used and shared in accordance with the fair-use provisions of the U.S. copyright law, and it may be archived and redistributed in electronic form, provided that the author is notified and no fee is charged for access. Archiving, redistribution, or republication of this text on other terms, in any medium, requires the consent of the author.