Data and Codebook assistance are courtesy of Keith Jaggers, with the assistance of Corey L. Lofdahl. ---------------------- * POLITY III CODE BOOK * ---------------------- Key citations: Jaggers, Keith and Ted R. Gurr. 1995. "Tracking Democracy's Third Wave with the Polity III Data." Journal of Peace Research. 32(4):469-482. *referenced herein as (JPR95)* Gurr, Ted Robert, Keith Jaggers and Will Moore. 1990. "The Transformation of the Western State: The Growth of Democracy, Autocracy, and State Power Since 1800." Studies in Comparative International Development. 25(1):73-108. *referenced herein as (SCID90)* Gurr, Ted Robert. 1974. "Persistence and Change in Political Systems, 1800-1971." American Political Science Review 68(4):1482-1504. *referenced herein as (APSR74)* for additional information, see the Polity II code book available from the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) in Ann Arbor, Mich. (313) 763-5010. see also ICPSR Home Page at http://icpsr.umich.edu/ICPSR_homepage.html ---------------------- * VARIABLE DEFINITIONS * ---------------------- Field 1: Country Code Year Field 2: Country Code Number Field 3: Country Name Field 4: Year for all subsequent variables: (JPR95 footnote) (-66 = interruption) (-77 = interregnum) (-88 = transition) (-99 = data not available) Field 5: Autocracy Score: general closedness of political institutions (SCID90 84--85; JPR95) (0 = low; 10 = high) Field 6: Democracy Score: general openness of political institutions (SCID90 83--84; JPR95) (0 = low; 10 = high) Field 7: Executive Recruitment Regulation (XRREG): institutionalized procedures regarding the transfer of executive power (SCID90 81) (1 = unregulated) (2 = designation/transitional) (3 = regulated) Field 8: Executive Recruitment Competition (XRCOMP): extent to which executives chosen through competitive elections (SCID90 81) (0 = unregulated) (1 = selection) (2 = dual/transitional) (3 = election) Field 9: Executive recruitment Openness (XROPEN): opportunity for non-elites to attain executive office (SCID90 82) (0 = unregulated) (1 = closed) (2 = dual/designation) (3 = dual/election) (4 = open) Field 10: Monocratism (MONO): institutional (de jure) independence of chief executive (SCID90 83) (1 = pure individual) (2 = intermediate category) (3 = qualified individual) (4 = intermediate category) (5 = collective executive) Field 11: Executive Constraints (XCONST): operational (de facto) independence of chief executive (SCID90 80) (1 = pure individual) (2 = intermediate category) (3 = slight to moderate limitations) (4 = intermediate category) (5 = substantial limitations) (6 = intermediate category) (7 = executive parity or subordination) Field 12: Regulation of participation (PARREG): development of institutional structures for political expression (SCID90 78--79) (1 = unregulated) (2 = factional/transitional) (3 = factional/restricted) (4 = restricted) (5 = institutionalized) Field 13: Competitiveness of Participation (PARCOMP): extent to which non-elites are able to access institutional structures for political expression (SCID90 79--80) (0 = unregulated) (1 = suppressed) (2 = restricted/transitional) (3 = factional) (4 = transitional) (5 = competitive) Field 14: Centralization of State Authority (CENT): geographic concen- tration of decision making authority (SCID90 83) (1 = unitary) (2 = intermediate category) (3 = federal) ------------------------- * COUNTRY CODES AND NAMES * ------------------------- WESTERN HEMISPHERE: 002 USA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 020 CAN CANADA 040 CUB CUBA 041 HAI HAITI 042 DOM DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 051 JAM JAMAICA 052 TRI TRINIDAD 070 MEX MEXICO 089 UPC UNITED PROVINCES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 090 GUA GUATEMALA 091 HON HONDURAS 092 SAL EL SALVADOR 093 NIC NICARAGUA 094 COS COSTA RICA 095 PAN PANAMA 099 GCL GRAN COLOMBIA 100 COL COLOMBIA 101 VEN VENEZUELA 110 GUY GUYANA 130 ECU ECUADOR 135 PER PERU 140 BRA BRAZIL 145 BOL BOLIVIA 150 PAR PARAGUAY 155 CHL CHILE 160 ARG ARGENTINA 165 URU URUGUAY EUROPE: 200 UK UNITED KINGDOM 205 IRE IRELAND 210 NTH NETHERLANDS 211 BEL BELGIUM 212 LUX LUXEMBOURG 220 FRN FRANCE 225 SWZ SWITZERLAND 230 SPN SPAIN 235 POR PORTUGAL 245 BAV BAVARIA 255 GMY GERMANY/PRUSSIA 260 GFR GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC 265 GDR GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC 267 BAD BADEN 269 SAX SAXONY 271 WRT WUERTTEMBURG 290 POL POLAND 305 AUS AUSTRIA 310 HUN HUNGARY 315 CZE CZECHOSLOVAKIA 316 CZR CZECH REPUBLIC 317 SLO SLOVAKIA 324 SAR SARDINIA 325 ITA ITALY/SARDINIA 327 PAP PAPAL STATES 329 SIC TWO SICILIES 332 MOD MODENA 335 PMA PARMA 337 TUS TUSCANY 339 ALB ALBANIA 343 MAC MACEDONIA 344 CRO CROATIA 345 YUG YUGOSLAVIA/SERBIA 346 BOS BOSNIA HERZEGOVINA 349 SLV SLOVENIA 350 GRC GREECE 352 CYP CYPRUS 355 BUL BULGARIA 359 MLD MOLDOVA (MOLDOVIA) 360 RUM RUMANIA 365 RUS RUSSIA (USSR) 366 EST ESTONIA 367 LAT LATVIA 368 LIT LITHUANIA 369 UKR UKRAINE 370 BLR BELARUS (BYELORUSSIA) 371 ARM ARMENIA 372 GRG GEORGIA 373 AZE AZERBAIJAN 375 FIN FINLAND 380 SWD SWEDEN 385 NOR NORWAY 390 DEN DENMARK 395 ICE ICELAND AFRICA: 404 GNB GUINEA-BISSAU 420 GAM GAMBIA 432 MLI MALI 433 SEN SENEGAL 434 BEN BENIN/DAHOMEY 435 MAA MAURITANIA 436 NIR NIGER 437 IVO IVORY COAST 438 GUI GUINEA 439 BFO BURKINA FASO (UPPER VOLTA) 450 LBR LIBERIA 451 SIE SIERRA LEONE 452 GHA GHANA 461 TOG TOGO 471 CAO CAMEROON 475 NIG NIGERIA 481 GAB GABON 482 CEN CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC 483 CHA CHAD 484 CON CONGO 490 ZAI ZAIRE 500 UGA UGANDA 501 KEN KENYA 510 TAZ TANZANIA/TANGANYIKA 516 BUI BURUNDI 517 RWA RWANDA 520 SOM SOMALIA 530 ETH ETHIOPIA 540 ANG ANGOLA 541 MZM MOZAMBIQUE 551 ZAM ZAMBIA 552 ZIM ZIMBABWE (RHODESIA) 553 MAW MALAWI 560 SAF SOUTH AFRICA 564 OFS ORANGE FREE STATE 565 NAM NAMIBIA 570 LES LESOTHO 571 BOT BOTSWANA 572 SWA SWAZILAND 580 MAG MADAGASCAR (MALAGASY) 581 COM COMOROS 590 MAS MAURITIUS MIDDLE EAST: 600 MOR MOROCCO 615 ALG ALGERIA 616 TUN TUNISIA 620 LIB LIBYA 625 SUD SUDAN 630 IRN IRAN 640 TUR TURKEY (OTTOMAN EMPIRE) 645 IRQ IRAQ 651 EGY EGYPT 652 SYR SYRIA 660 LEB LEBANON 663 JOR JORDAN 666 ISR ISRAEL 670 SAU SAUDI ARABIA 678 YAR YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC 679 YEM YEMEN 680 YPR YEMEN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC 690 KUW KUWAIT 692 BAH BAHRAIN 696 UAE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 698 OMA OMAN ASIA: 700 AFG AFGHANISTAN 701 TKM TURKMENISTAN 702 TAJ TAJIKISTAN 703 KYR KYRGYZSTAN 704 UZB UZBEKISTAN 705 KZK KAZAKHSTAN 710 CHN CHINA 712 MON MONGOLIA 713 TAW TAIWAN 730 KOR KOREA 731 PRK DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF KOREA 732 ROK REPUBLIC OF KOREA 740 JPN JAPAN 750 IND INDIA 760 BHU BHUTAN 770 PAK PAKISTAN 771 BNG BANGLADESH 775 MYA MYANMAR (BURMA) 780 SRI SRI LANKA (CEYLON) 790 NEP NEPAL 800 THI THAILAND 811 CAM CAMBODIA (KAMPUCHEA) 812 LAO LAOS 816 DRV DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM 817 RVN REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM 820 MAL MALAYSIA 830 SIN SINGAPORE 840 PHI PHILIPPINES 850 INS INDONESIA OCEANIA: 900 AUL AUSTRALIA 910 PNG PAPUA NEW GUINEA 920 NEW NEW ZEALAND 950 FJI FIJI