* PEPS analysis for final submission of SCID paper * Some of the analysis is done on the main PEPS1 file, but * others requires file builds from Maddison and UNDP, * which are also contained in this file use "C:\Research\Democracy\Data\PEPS1.dta", clear gen s = 1 if Polity3<1000 // has valid Polity3 code * Does suffrage explain turnout? Page 10 text regress toI suffrage if toI>0 regress toI suffrage if toI>0 & s==1 & suffrage>=0 regress toI Polity3 if toI>0 & s==1 & suffrage>=0 regress toI Polity3 suffrage if toI>0 & s==1 & suffrage>=0 *Does compulsory voting explain turnout? TABLE 1 * These results are not identical to the paper, because the paper analysis * was run prior to the decision to exclude the fraudulent Uzbekistan election * ccode=704, year=2003, toI=.907 in the earlier version gen cv_any = cv replace cv_any = 1 if cv>=1 & cv<=4 regress toI cv_any if year==2003 & toI>0 regress toI cv_strong-cv_not if year==2003 & toI>0 drop cv_strong-cv_not cv_any * TABLE 2 - List of turnout, Polity3, and PEPS scores * These results are not identical to the paper, because the paper analysis * was run prior to a correction of a formula in DO file #2 * The only nation affected is Malawi, whose Polity2q is 6.69, as shown here * not 8.0 as in the second submission draft gsort -Polity3 -PEPS1i -PEPS2i list Pname toI Polity3 PEPS1i PEPS2q if year==2003 * TABLE 3 was not re-run over this data set. * It remains from the first submission draft * TABLE 4 uses the Maddisson data set - see below. * PAGE 21 text Development and alternative democracy measures * The 1950-2003 version of Table 4 gen lrgdpc = log(rgdpch) label variable lrgdpc "logged real GDP per capita, ppp" bysort year: regress Polity3 lrgdpc if Polity3!=. & PEPS1i!=. & PEPS2i!=. bysort year: regress PEPS1i lrgdpc if Polity3!=. & PEPS1i!=. & PEPS2i!=. bysort year: regress PEPS2i lrgdpc if Polity3!=. & PEPS1i!=. & PEPS2i!=. * Persistence - Table 5 and related footnotes sort ccode year tsset ccode year, yearly gen lag1toI = L1.toI gen lag1toQ = L1.toQ gen lag1Polity3 = L1.Polity3 gen lag1PEPS1 = L1.PEPS1i gen lag1PEPS2 = L1.PEPS2i xtreg Polity3 lag1Polity3 lag1toI if year>=1950 & year<=2003, re xtreg toI lag1Polity3 lag1toI if year>=1950 & year<=2003, re xtreg Polity3 lag1Polity3 lag1toQ if year>=1950 & year<=2003, re * Persistence - Table 6 regress Polity3 L10.Polity3 if year==1970 & L10.PEPS1i!=. & L10.PEPS2i!=. regress Polity3 L10.Polity3 L10.toI if year==1970 & L10.PEPS1i!=. & L10.PEPS2i!=. regress Polity3 L10.PEPS1i if year==1970 & L10.PEPS1i!=. & L10.PEPS2i!=. regress Polity3 L10.PEPS2i if year==1970 & L10.PEPS1i!=. & L10.PEPS2i!=. regress Polity3 L10.Polity3 if year==1980 & L10.PEPS1i!=. & L10.PEPS2i!=. regress Polity3 L10.Polity3 L10.toI if year==1980 & L10.PEPS1i!=. & L10.PEPS2i!=. regress Polity3 L10.PEPS1i if year==1980 & L10.PEPS1i!=. & L10.PEPS2i!=. regress Polity3 L10.PEPS2i if year==1980 & L10.PEPS1i!=. & L10.PEPS2i!=. regress Polity3 L10.Polity3 if year==1990 & L10.PEPS1i!=. & L10.PEPS2i!=. regress Polity3 L10.Polity3 L10.toI if year==1990 & L10.PEPS1i!=. & L10.PEPS2i!=. regress Polity3 L10.PEPS1i if year==1990 & L10.PEPS1i!=. & L10.PEPS2i!=. regress Polity3 L10.PEPS2i if year==1990 & L10.PEPS1i!=. & L10.PEPS2i!=. regress Polity3 L10.Polity3 if year==2000 & L10.PEPS1i!=. & L10.PEPS2i!=. regress Polity3 L10.Polity3 L10.toI if year==2000 & L10.PEPS1i!=. & L10.PEPS2i!=. regress Polity3 L10.PEPS1i if year==2000 & L10.PEPS1i!=. & L10.PEPS2i!=. regress Polity3 L10.PEPS2i if year==2000 & L10.PEPS1i!=. & L10.PEPS2i!=. * Alternative version of Table 6 using toQ rather than toI - not reported regress Polity3 L10.Polity3 if year==1970 & L10.PEPS1q!=. & L10.PEPS2q!=. regress Polity3 L10.Polity3 L10.toQ if year==1970 & L10.PEPS1q!=. & L10.PEPS2q!=. regress Polity3 L10.PEPS1q if year==1970 & L10.PEPS1q!=. & L10.PEPS2q!=. regress Polity3 L10.PEPS2q if year==1970 & L10.PEPS1q!=. & L10.PEPS2q!=. regress Polity3 L10.Polity3 if year==1980 & L10.PEPS1q!=. & L10.PEPS2q!=. regress Polity3 L10.Polity3 L10.toQ if year==1980 & L10.PEPS1q!=. & L10.PEPS2q!=. regress Polity3 L10.PEPS1q if year==1980 & L10.PEPS1q!=. & L10.PEPS2q!=. regress Polity3 L10.PEPS2q if year==1980 & L10.PEPS1q!=. & L10.PEPS2q!=. regress Polity3 L10.Polity3 if year==1990 & L10.PEPS1q!=. & L10.PEPS2q!=. regress Polity3 L10.Polity3 L10.toQ if year==1990 & L10.PEPS1q!=. & L10.PEPS2q!=. regress Polity3 L10.PEPS1q if year==1990 & L10.PEPS1q!=. & L10.PEPS2q!=. regress Polity3 L10.PEPS2q if year==1990 & L10.PEPS1q!=. & L10.PEPS2q!=. regress Polity3 L10.Polity3 if year==2000 & L10.PEPS1q!=. & L10.PEPS2q!=. regress Polity3 L10.Polity3 L10.toQ if year==2000 & L10.PEPS1q!=. & L10.PEPS2q!=. regress Polity3 L10.PEPS1q if year==2000 & L10.PEPS1q!=. & L10.PEPS2q!=. regress Polity3 L10.PEPS2q if year==2000 & L10.PEPS1q!=. & L10.PEPS2q!=. ********************************************************************************* */ Analyses for earlier years that use Maddison GDP data and Vanhanen voting data */ Tables 4 and 7 ********************************************************************************* ********************* * First, build Maddison file from handcoded sheet earlier in the project use "C:\Research\Democracy\Data\maddison2.dta", clear order pop1820 pop1870 pop1913 pop1950 pop1973 pop1990 pop1998 gdppc1820 gdppc1870 gdppc1913 gdppc1950 gdppc1973 gdppc1990 gdppc1998 drop Polity21820-ParticDemocracy1998 gen G1820 = log(gdppc1820) gen G1870 = log(gdppc1870) gen G1913 = log(gdppc1913) gen G1950 = log(gdppc1950) gen G1973 = log(gdppc1973) gen G1990 = log(gdppc1990) gen G1998 = log(gdppc1998) save "C:\Research\Democracy\Data\tmp\maddison.dta", replace ************************ * Access the main PEPS file and organize it to match the wide shape of Maddisson use "C:\Research\Democracy\Data\PEPS1.dta", clear *Drop all years except Maddisson egen myear = eqany(year), values(1820,1870,1913,1950,1973,1990,1998) drop if myear!=1 keep ccode year Pname toV pop Polity3 PEPS1v PEPS2v * Rename variables for convenience rename Polity3 Pol rename PEPS1v V rename PEPS2v W rename pop popP * Adjust codes to match Maddison replace ccode=260 if ccode==255 replace ccode=315 if ccode==316 replace ccode=345 if ccode==342 replace ccode=100 if ccode==99 replace ccode=345 if ccode==347 replace ccode=365 if ccode==364 replace ccode=530 if ccode==529 replace ccode=678 if ccode==679 replace ccode=770 if ccode==769 replace Pname="Argentina" if ccode==160 replace Pname="Germany" if ccode==260 replace Pname="Estonia" if ccode==366 replace Pname="Latvia" if ccode==367 replace Pname="Lithuania" if ccode==368 replace Pname="Yemen" if ccode==678 replace Pname="Yemen" if ccode==680 replace Pname="Czech" if ccode==315 replace Pname="Yugo" if ccode==345 replace Pname="Russia" if ccode==365 replace Pname="Colombia" if ccode==100 reshape wide pop toV Pol V W, i( ccode ) j( year ) merge ccode using "C:\Research\Democracy\Data\tmp\maddison.dta" tab _merge drop if _merge<3 label variable Pol1820 "Polity3, 1820" label variable toV1820 "Vanhanen votes/two-thirds Vanhanen population, 1820" label variable V1820 "PEPS1v, 1820" label variable W1820 "PEPS2v, 1820" label variable popP1820 "population, 1820, Maddison" label variable G1820 "logged real GDP per capita, 1820, Maddison" label variable acode "country code, 3 character alpha" order ccode acode country G1820 drop _merge save "C:\Research\Democracy\Data\PEPS1_analysis2_maddison.dta", replace * TABLE 4 - Regressing democracy measures on logged GDP per capita regress Pol1820 G1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1870 G1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. regress Pol1913 G1913 if Pol1913!=. & V1913!=. & W1913!=. regress Pol1950 G1950 if Pol1950!=. & V1950!=. & W1950!=. regress Pol1973 G1973 if Pol1973!=. & V1973!=. & W1973!=. regress Pol1990 G1990 if Pol1990!=. & V1990!=. & W1990!=. regress Pol1998 G1998 if Pol1998!=. & V1998!=. & W1998!=. regress V1820 G1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress V1870 G1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. regress V1913 G1913 if Pol1913!=. & V1913!=. & W1913!=. regress V1950 G1950 if Pol1950!=. & V1950!=. & W1950!=. regress V1973 G1973 if Pol1973!=. & V1973!=. & W1973!=. regress V1990 G1990 if Pol1990!=. & V1990!=. & W1990!=. regress V1998 G1998 if Pol1998!=. & V1998!=. & W1998!=. regress W1820 G1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress W1870 G1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. regress W1913 G1913 if Pol1913!=. & V1913!=. & W1913!=. regress W1950 G1950 if Pol1950!=. & V1950!=. & W1950!=. regress W1973 G1973 if Pol1973!=. & V1973!=. & W1973!=. regress W1990 G1990 if Pol1990!=. & V1990!=. & W1990!=. regress W1998 G1998 if Pol1998!=. & V1998!=. & W1998!=. *TABLE 7 -- Persistence regress Pol1870 Pol1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1870 toV1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1870 Pol1820 toV1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1870 V1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1870 W1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1913 Pol1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1913 toV1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1913 Pol1820 toV1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1913 V1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1913 W1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1950 Pol1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1950 toV1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1950 Pol1820 toV1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1950 V1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1950 W1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1973 Pol1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1973 toV1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1973 Pol1820 toV1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1973 V1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1973 W1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1990 Pol1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1990 toV1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1990 Pol1820 toV1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1990 V1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1990 W1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1998 Pol1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1998 toV1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1998 Pol1820 toV1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1998 V1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. regress Pol1998 W1820 if Pol1820!=. & V1820!=. & W1820!=. */ 1870 predictor rows regress Pol1913 Pol1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. regress Pol1913 toV1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. regress Pol1913 Pol1870 toV1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. regress Pol1913 V1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. regress Pol1913 W1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. regress Pol1950 Pol1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. regress Pol1950 toV1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. regress Pol1950 Pol1870 toV1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. regress Pol1950 V1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. regress Pol1950 W1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. regress Pol1973 Pol1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. regress Pol1973 toV1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. regress Pol1973 Pol1870 toV1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. regress Pol1973 V1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. regress Pol1973 W1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. regress Pol1990 Pol1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. regress Pol1990 toV1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. regress Pol1990 Pol1870 toV1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. regress Pol1990 V1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. regress Pol1990 W1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. regress Pol1998 Pol1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. regress Pol1998 toV1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. regress Pol1998 Pol1870 toV1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. regress Pol1998 V1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. regress Pol1998 W1870 if Pol1870!=. & V1870!=. & W1870!=. */ 1913 predictor rows regress Pol1950 Pol1913 if Pol1913!=. & V1913!=. & W1913!=. regress Pol1950 toV1913 if Pol1913!=. & V1913!=. & W1913!=. regress Pol1950 Pol1913 toV1913 if Pol1913!=. & V1913!=. & W1913!=. regress Pol1950 V1913 if Pol1913!=. & V1913!=. & W1913!=. regress Pol1950 W1913 if Pol1913!=. & V1913!=. & W1913!=. regress Pol1973 Pol1913 if Pol1913!=. & V1913!=. & W1913!=. regress Pol1973 toV1913 if Pol1913!=. & V1913!=. & W1913!=. regress Pol1973 Pol1913 toV1913 if Pol1913!=. & V1913!=. & W1913!=. regress Pol1973 V1913 if Pol1913!=. & V1913!=. & W1913!=. regress Pol1973 W1913 if Pol1913!=. & V1913!=. & W1913!=. regress Pol1990 Pol1913 if Pol1913!=. & V1913!=. & W1913!=. regress Pol1990 toV1913 if Pol1913!=. & V1913!=. & W1913!=. regress Pol1990 Pol1913 toV1913 if Pol1913!=. & V1913!=. & W1913!=. regress Pol1990 V1913 if Pol1913!=. & V1913!=. & W1913!=. regress Pol1990 W1913 if Pol1913!=. & V1913!=. & W1913!=. regress Pol1998 Pol1913 if Pol1913!=. & V1913!=. & W1913!=. regress Pol1998 toV1913 if Pol1913!=. & V1913!=. & W1913!=. regress Pol1998 Pol1913 toV1913 if Pol1913!=. & V1913!=. & W1913!=. regress Pol1998 V1913 if Pol1913!=. & V1913!=. & W1913!=. regress Pol1998 W1913 if Pol1913!=. & V1913!=. & W1913!=. */ 1950 predictor rows regress Pol1973 Pol1950 if Pol1950!=. & V1950!=. & W1950!=. regress Pol1973 toV1950 if Pol1950!=. & V1950!=. & W1950!=. regress Pol1973 Pol1950 toV1950 if Pol1950!=. & V1950!=. & W1950!=. regress Pol1973 V1950 if Pol1950!=. & V1950!=. & W1950!=. regress Pol1973 W1950 if Pol1950!=. & V1950!=. & W1950!=. regress Pol1990 Pol1950 if Pol1950!=. & V1950!=. & W1950!=. regress Pol1990 toV1950 if Pol1950!=. & V1950!=. & W1950!=. regress Pol1990 Pol1950 toV1950 if Pol1950!=. & V1950!=. & W1950!=. regress Pol1990 V1950 if Pol1950!=. & V1950!=. & W1950!=. regress Pol1990 W1950 if Pol1950!=. & V1950!=. & W1950!=. regress Pol1998 Pol1950 if Pol1950!=. & V1950!=. & W1950!=. regress Pol1998 toV1950 if Pol1950!=. & V1950!=. & W1950!=. regress Pol1998 Pol1950 toV1950 if Pol1950!=. & V1950!=. & W1950!=. regress Pol1998 V1950 if Pol1950!=. & V1950!=. & W1950!=. regress Pol1998 W1950 if Pol1950!=. & V1950!=. & W1950!=. */ 1973 predictor rows regress Pol1990 Pol1973 if Pol1973!=. & V1973!=. & W1973!=. regress Pol1990 toV1973 if Pol1973!=. & V1973!=. & W1973!=. regress Pol1990 Pol1973 toV1973 if Pol1973!=. & V1973!=. & W1973!=. regress Pol1990 V1973 if Pol1973!=. & V1973!=. & W1973!=. regress Pol1990 W1973 if Pol1973!=. & V1973!=. & W1973!=. regress Pol1998 Pol1973 if Pol1973!=. & V1973!=. & W1973!=. regress Pol1998 toV1973 if Pol1973!=. & V1973!=. & W1973!=. regress Pol1998 Pol1973 toV1973 if Pol1973!=. & V1973!=. & W1973!=. regress Pol1998 V1973 if Pol1973!=. & V1973!=. & W1973!=. regress Pol1998 W1973 if Pol1973!=. & V1973!=. & W1973!=. */ 1990 predictor row regress Pol1998 Pol1990 if Pol1990!=. & V1990!=. & W1990!=. regress Pol1998 toV1990 if Pol1990!=. & V1990!=. & W1990!=. regress Pol1998 Pol1990 toV1990 if Pol1990!=. & V1990!=. & W1990!=. regress Pol1998 V1990 if Pol1990!=. & V1990!=. & W1990!=. regress Pol1998 W1990 if Pol1990!=. & V1990!=. & W1990!=. **************************************************************** * Consequences of democracy for human development and gender * This requires creating a new data set that contains data from UNDP ******************************************************************** * Read files created from UNDP downloads insheet using "C:/Research/Democracy/Data/HG2003a.csv", clear destring ccode, replace force drop if ccode==. destring rgdpc, replace force destring gdi, replace force rename hdi HDI rename uname Uname rename gdi GDI rename lindex LEindex rename eindex Edindex rename gdpindex GDPindex rename rgdpc rgdpc_h summarize /* Make ccodes compatible with PEPS file */ replace ccode= 529 if ccode==530 // Ethiopia replace ccode= 679 if ccode==678 // Yemen replace ccode= 818 if ccode==816 // Vietnam /* Create an HDI measure without GDP */ gen HDpartial= ((LEindex + Edindex)/2) * 100 replace GDI = GDI * 100 order ccode year Uname HDI HDpartial GDI rgdpc_h keep ccode-rgdpc_h sort ccode year merge ccode year using "C:/Research/Democracy/Data/PEPS1.dta", unique tab _merge gen lrgdpc_h = log(rgdpc_h) sort ccode year tsset ccode year, yearly *TABLE 8- Democracy and Human Development regress HDpartial lrgdpc_h Polity3 if Polity3!=. & PEPS1i!=. & PEPS2i!=. regress HDpartial lrgdpc_h toI if Polity3!=. & PEPS1i!=. & PEPS2i!=. regress HDpartial lrgdpc_h Polity3 toI if Polity3!=. & PEPS1i!=. & PEPS2i!=. regress HDpartial lrgdpc_h PEPS1i if Polity3!=. & PEPS1i!=. & PEPS2i!=. regress HDpartial lrgdpc_h PEPS2i if Polity3!=. & PEPS1i!=. & PEPS2i!=. * TABLE 9 - Democracy and Gender regress GDI lrgdpc_h Polity3 if Polity3!=. & PEPS1i!=. & PEPS2i!=. regress GDI lrgdpc_h toI if Polity3!=. & PEPS1i!=. & PEPS2i!=. regress GDI lrgdpc_h Polity3 toI if Polity3!=. & PEPS1i!=. & PEPS2i!=. regress GDI lrgdpc_h PEPS1i if Polity3!=. & PEPS1i!=. & PEPS2i!=. regress GDI lrgdpc_h PEPS2i if Polity3!=. & PEPS1i!=. & PEPS2i!=. label variable ccode "country code, Correlates of War numeric codes from Polity" label variable Uname "country name, UNDP" label variable HDI "Human Development Index, UNDP" label variable HDpartial "Human Development Index computed without income measure, orig. UNDP" label variable GDI "Gender Development Index, UNDP" label variable rgdpc_h "real GDP per capita, UNDP" drop _merge cv_strong-cv_not lrgdpc_h order ccode year isocode-FHname Uname polity1raw-rgdpch rgdpc_h suffrage save "C:/Research/Democracy/Data/PEPS1_analysisl.dta", replace exit exit