This bibliography is for use in your research. The resources that are listed will provide needed information, bibliographic citations, and in some situations, full text of journal articles.
 

Books
There are two resources that will assist in locating items in the Lehigh University libraries and in other libraries. They are:

1. ASA, The Library’s Online Catalog. This lists all the items in the library and their location. This resource is available via the Network Server and the Web. Subject headings include (but not limited to) competition, diffusion of innovation, innovations, and technological innovations. This can be a starting point for your research.
2. WorldCat. This is a catalog that lists over 43 million items including books, journals, audio-visual, CD-ROMs and software. These resources may be obtained via Lehigh’s Interlibrary Loan.

Journal Indexes
There are citation and full-text databases available for researching your topic. Some indexes will be more useful than others in covering your topic. These are available by clicking on Libraries' button (located on the upper right of the homepage), then click on Electronic Resources, and then click on Databases. These indexes are the important ones. They are:

1. ABI-Inform
2. Applied Science and Technology Index
3. Dow Jones Interactive's Publications Library
4. EconLit
5. Lexis-Nexis

1. Article First
2. Contents First
3. Engineering Index (Compendex)
4. Infotrac
5. Inspec
6. Medline (Index Medicus)
7. Social Sciences Index

The USPTO site includes the Manual of Classification, which not only outlines the scheme by which patents are classified but gives definitions for each of the classes and subclasses. Patents subject searching is usually done using these classes so a good understanding of the numbering scheme produces better results. The IBM site allows much the same sort of searching as does the USPTO, but it does a better job with claims searching. Claims are the exact processes by which the patented object is works, as opposed to a mere description of what the item is. Claims may be searched with keyword terms, and therefore are easier for the new user to grasp and for the experienced user who is looking for new material that may not be well classed yet.

IBM Intellectual Property Network

1. Log on to the Lehigh's Home Page and then click in this order: Libraries; then InfoDome (located on right side of the page); then Patents (located on the left of the page).
2. This takes you to the Library's Patent web page.
3. Scroll down to IBM Intellectual Property Network and click on it.
4. When IBM page appears, click on search.
5. Select the Boolean Search.
6. Type in search phrase, select date range and click on search.
7. Results appear.
8. Click on the patent number and view.
9. The patent appears.
10. View (and/or click) on claims, other patents (U.S. and international), and class (U.S. and international).
11. If more searching is needed, then patent number, boolean and advanced text searching options are available.

1. Follow steps 1-2 under the IBM Network.
2. Scroll down to U.S. Patents and Trademarks Office and click on it.
3. When the screen appears, select either the Full-text.
4. Select appropriate search engine, example, boolean or patent #.
5. When screen appears, click on (or type in) items for each type of search, ex. years, terms...
6. Click on "Search" button.
7. When results appear, either refine the search or display the results.
8. Click on the patent number.
9. The patent and the appropriate information (for that database) will appear.
10. Advanced searching including field searching, years, etc. is available.

1. USPTO’s URL is http://patents.uspto.gov/.
2. IBM Intellectual Property Network's URL (where the patents are located) is http://www.patents.ibm.com/ibm.html.

Additional Resources
There are useful resources that can help locate information on patents and other information. These are:

1. Association Unlimited. This list national (U.S.), international and regional organizations. Examples include American Red Cross, and the National Inventors Foundation.
2. Company web sites.
3. Yahoo web site. Use the its Business and Economy area to locate additional assistance on patents. Its URL is http://dir.yahoo.com/Business_and_Economy/Companies/

There is a handout for patent searching called Marketing 319 Patent Searching.  Its URL is:
http://www.lehigh.edu/~inref/guides/mkt319ex.html

A very useful information sheet on patent searching is available. Its URL is: http://www.lehigh.edu/~inref/subject/patent.html