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History

Professors.Michael G. Baylor, Ph.D. (Stanford); Stephen H. Cutcliffe, Ph.D. (Lehigh), chairperson History and STS; Steven L. Goldman, Ph.D. (Boston), Andrew W. Mellon Distinguished Professor in the Humanities; C. Robert Phillips, Ph.D. (Brown); William R. Scott, Ph.D. (Princeton); Roger D. Simon, Ph.D. (Wisconsin); Jean R. Soderlund, Ph.D. (Temple).

Associate Professors. Gail A. Cooper, Ph.D. (U.C., Santa Barbara); Monica Najar, Ph.D (Wisconsin); Michelle LeMaster, Ph.D. (Johns Hopkins); John Pettegrew, Ph.D. (Wisconsin); John Savage, Ph.D. (N.Y.U.); John K. Smith, Ph.D. (Delaware).

Assistant Professors. William J. Bulman, Ph.D. (Princeton); Kwame Essien, Ph.D. (Texas); Nitzan Lebovic, PhD. (UCLA), Helene and Allen Apter chair in Holocaust Studies and Ethical Values;

Professor of Practice.Kimberley Carrell-Smith, Ph.D. (Delaware).

The history major introduces students to the study of the causes and consequences of change through an examination of political, economic, social, cultural, and intellectual developments and institutions over time. The department's goal is to train its majors to think critically about the events and forces that have shaped the modern world, to analyze and interpret sources and evidence, and to view issues from a variety of perspectives. Those skills have served students well in a wide range of careers. Lehigh history majors have frequently gone on to law school or to work in various areas of education, journalism, public affairs, and business. The major also provides an excellent basis for graduate training in a wide range of public policy fields. The department offers a program of independent honors research under the direction of an individual faculty member (History 391, 392). A maximum of six credits may be used toward this project. Normally students pursue their research in the second semester of the junior year and the first semester of their senior year; the project may also be undertaken during the senior year. Students who do well on their research project will graduate with department honors. The writing intensive requirement must be filled by a course in the history department. For advanced placement, please see Section I.

The department recommends that students intending to major in history take MATH 12, Basic Statistics, to fulfill their college math requirement.

Department Major Requirements

A history major consists of 35 hours, normally nine courses, as follows:

One course in the history of Asia, Africa, or Latin America: HIST 5, 49, 50, 75, 76, 177, 340, 341, 342, 359, 368.

HIST 104, 300, 303, 331, 371, 391, 392, or provisional courses may be used to fulfill this requirement in accordance with their contents and emphases.

Minimum of 12 hours of courses numbered 303 or higher (except HIST 306).

To graduate with a history major, a minimum 24 hours must be graded course work taken at Lehigh.

Requirements for Honors

Students wishing to graduate with honors must have a minimum GPA of 3.40 in history, 39 credits and must have completed History 391.

History Minor Requirements

Each student's minor program is prepared in consultation with the advisor of minors in the history department. Advanced placement credit may not be used for the minor program.

• 15 credits

• at least 4 credits at 200 or 300 level

• maximum of one course (4 credits) of transfer or cross-listed courses may count toward minor.

Concentration in Public History

History majors may earn a concentration in Public History by completing a total of 16 hours in the following courses:

Undergraduate Courses in History

Petitions are required for first-year students to take 100-level or higher courses, and for sophomores to take 200-level or higher courses. HU fills humanities distribution requirements; SS fills social science requirements; ND not designated.

HIST 5. (AAS 5) African Civilization (4)

SubSaharan Africa through the millennia of the ancient world to the present. Human origins, state and nonstate systems, the external slave trade, colonialism, resistance to European rule, independence movements, and neocolonialism. (SS) Essien

HIST 7. Technology in America's Industrial Age (4)

Traces the development of American technology from the preindustrial colonial era until America's emergence as the world's leading industrial power. The interactions between technology and culture, society, politics, and the economy will also be addressed. (SS) Smith

HIST 8. Technology in Modern America (4)

Traces the evolution of modern American technology, including automobiles, aircraft, computers, nuclear weapons, television, space, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology.Includes critiques of technology such as environmentalism. The interactions of technology and culture, society, politics, and the economy will also be addressed. (SS) Smith

HIST 11. Survey of Europe to 1648 (4)

Development of European history from Rome to the 17th century. End of the ancient world, origins and growth of medieval civilization, the Renaissance and Reformation. (HU) Baylor

HIST 12. ( GCP 12) Survey of Europe Since 1648 (4)

The rise of modern nation states; the scientific and industrial revolutions; social movements and the French and Russian revolutions; impact of Enlightenment philosophy, nationalism, liberalism, imperialism and fascism; the development of modern class structure and transformations in gender relations, art, popular culture and society. (HU) Savage

HIST 15. English History (4)

The history of England to 1688.The origins of representative government, the development of English social institutions, the unification of England, and the Renaissance and Reformation in England. (HU) Bulman

HIST 16. English History (4)

English political and social institutions from 1688 to the present.The evolution of parliamentary government, the rise of modern parties, the industrial revolution, and recent social philosophies. (HU) Bulman

HIST 21. (CLSS 21) Greek History (4)

The development of civilization from paleolithic times to the world empire of Alexander the Great.The social, economic, religious, philosophic, artistic, and literary development of the ancient world; the origin of political institutions. (SS) Phillips

HIST 22. (CLSS 22) Roman History (4)

Rome from its origins to A.D. 476.Political, social and religious developments.Transformation of the late Roman Empire to the early medieval period. (SS) Phillips

HIST 41. United States to 1865 (4)

Native American cultures; European settlement; development of slavery and free labor systems; the Revolution; founding of the new nation; 19th century social, economic, cultural, and political development; Civil War. (SS) LeMaster, Najar, Soderlund,

HIST 42. United States, 1865-1941 (4)

America's transformation into an industrial and global power from Reconstruction after the Civil War to the Great Depression; includes social, political, and cultural developments. (SS) Carrell-Smith, Najar

HIST 43. United States Since 1939 (4)

World War II; Cold War at home and abroad; Civil Rights movement; the 1960s: Vietnam, the welfare state and social upheavals; new forms of cultural expression; feminism; rise of neoconservatism. (HU) Pettegrew

HIST 49. History of Latin America (4)

Spanish and Portuguese colonization of America and the struggles for independence, preceded by a brief view of the ancient American civilizations and Iberian backgrounds. (SS)

HIST 50. History of Latin America (4)

Continuation of HIST 49.The development of the Latin American nations in the 19th and 20th centuries. (SS)

HIST 75. (MLL 75, Asia 75) Chinese Civilization (4)

The development of traditional Chinese thought, beliefs, technology, and institutions from a historical perspective, from earliest times to China's encounter with the West. (HU or SS) Pankenier

HIST 76 (Asia 76, MLL 76) Understanding Contemporary China (4)

An overview of recent history, politics, economy, religion, problems of modernization, popular culture, and attitudes. Contemporary Chinese society viewed against the backdrop of tradition and the tumultuous history of 20^th century China. (SS)

HIST 90. FirstYear Seminar in History (4)

Seminar for first-year students on a particular theme or topic.(HU or SS depending on topic of seminar).

HIST 101 (GS 101) Histories of Globalization (4)

Critical historical perspectives on current debates around “globalization” and the varied paths and responses to modernity, using recent scholarship associated with the New Global History. The “Rise of the West” paradigm, Industrial Revolution and modernization theory; creation of global financial markets, nationbuilding and New Imperialism; Great Depression and World Wars as global historical events; postwar decolonization, Cold War and emergence of North-South relations; impact of consumerism, movements for women's rights, ethnic nationalism and religious fundamentalist movements in traditionbound societies. (HU) Savage

HIST 104. Themes in History (2-4)

Seminar on a particular theme or topic not covered by a currently listed offering.(HU or SS depending on topic of seminar).

HIST 105. Sports in Modern America (4)

Surveys the social, cultural, and political role of sports in America since the Civil War. By addressing the development of sports and its relationship with race, class, ethnicity, gender, the media, popular culture, and government, this class will examine the impact of sports in making the America and Americans of the 20th century. (HU)

HIST 107. (GS 107) Technology and World History (4)

Development of technology and its relationship to political, economic, military and cultural aspects of world civilization from pyramids to the present. (SS) Smith

HIST 108. Bethlehem and the Lehigh Valley (4)

Local history focusing on Native American communities, Moravian settlement, natural resources, industrial firms, immigration and ethnic communities, organized labor, housing patterns and urban sprawl, hightech industry, and tourism. Includes an analysis of techniques used in presenting these topics to the public. (SS) Smith

HIST 109. The Built Environment of New York: 1624-2001 (4)

How the physical environment of New York City, particularly Manhattan, came to be. Course themes include the evolution of land use, housing, changing economic functions of the city, immigration, cultural life, social communities, and changing technology. Topics include: settlement of lower Manhattan, the street system, immigrant neighborhoods and the Lower East Side, Greenwich Village, Central Village, Central Park, the elevated trains and the subways, the Brooklyn Bridge, apartment living, specialized shopping and entertainment districts, skyscrapers, Harlem, Rockefeller Center, the automobile and highway system, public housing, the World Trade Center. Usually taught in the summer in New York with walking tours to many of the locations listed above. (HU) Simon

HIST 110. American Military History (4)

The American military tradition from colonial times to the present.America's wars and the development and operation of military institutions within the political, economic, ideological, and technological milieu of American society. (SS)

HIST 111. Engineering in the Modern World (4)

Roles played by engineers and engineering in the modern world, focusing on major achievements and failures, prominent engineers, and evolution of the profession. (SS) Smith

HIST 117. (STS 117/WGSS117) Women, Science and Technology (4)

Explores the impact of technology and science on women's social roles and the contribution of women engineers and scientists to their disciplines.Will focus on the American experience. Among the topics discussed are invention, design, laboratory research, education, engineering, professionalism, labor force participation, office mechanization, household appliances, virtual spaces, childcare and reproduction. (SS) Cooper

HIST 118. (HMS 118/STS 118) History of Modern Medicine (4)

Introduction to Western medical history from the 18^th century to the present day. Students will explore patient/practitioner relationships, examine changing ideas concerning health, sickness, and disease, chart changes in hospital care and medical education, and tackle topics such as eugenics, medical experimentation, and health insurance. (HU)

HIST 119. History of North American Indians (4)

The history of American Indians from before European contact to the present. Emphasis will be placed on the diversity of native peoples of eastern North America and how patterns of interaction between native Americans and Euro-Americans have changed over time. Discussion format, research paper. (SS) LeMaster, Soderlund

HIST 120. Revolutionary America (4)

Origins and development of the American republic from 1750 through the adoption of the Federal Constitution. (SS) LeMaster, Najar, Soderlund

HIST 124. (WGSS 124) Women in America (4)

Roles of women in American society from colonial to present times: attitudes toward women, female sexuality, women's work, and feminism. (SS) Cooper, Najar

HIST 130. (AAS 130) African American History (4)

Blacks in America from the first importation of Africans to the implementation of civil rights laws. West African origins, slave trade, slavery, free blacks and emancipation and study of Reconstruction, segregation, urbanization, and the struggle for racial equality. (SS) Scott

HIST 133. (AAS 133/FREN 133/LAS 133/MLL 133/POLS 133) Lehigh in Martinique: Globalization and Local Identity (3-4)

History, culture and politics of the French Caribbean island of Martinique, from its position as a key site of the 18^th century Atlantic World economy to becoming an official French department and outpost of the European Union. Interdisciplinary perspectives on the complex nature of social identity, historical memory and impact of globalization. No French is required. Offered during winter inter-term through Lehigh Study Abroad. (HU) Savage

HIST 135. Era of Jefferson and Jackson (4)

Colonial beginnings; the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution; the creation of a new nation; the development of American political parties; the antebellum American state. (SS) Najar

HIST 136. Era of the Civil War and Reconstruction (4)

American abolitionism and the origins of the Civil War; the Second American Revolution; Reconstruction and its sequel. (SS) Najar

HIST 145. (STS 145) Introduction to the History of Science (4)

The history of modern science, primarily physical and biological, with emphasis on the development of major theoretical models since the 17th century. (SS) Goldman

HIST 150. (REL 150) Medieval Civilization (4)

Formation and development of western culture to about 1400. Rise of universities and towns, legal development and origins of representative government, origins of nationstates, scholasticism and decline of the medieval church. (HU) Savage

HIST 153. (WGSS 153) Women in European History, 1500-Present (4)

Examines the position of women in Europe since the Renaissance. Particular attention is given to changing conceptions of women and their roles in society, the evolution of women's work, the origins, growth and impact of feminism, and gender distinctions as reflected in law, politics, popular culture and leisure. (SS)

HIST 154. (REL 154) The Holocaust: History and Meaning (4)

The Nazi Holocaust in its historical, political and religious setting. Emphasis upon the moral, cultural and theological issues raised by the Holocaust. (HU) Lebovic

HIST 156. The Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance (4)

The transition from medieval to early modern society from the 14th to the early 16thcenturies. The general crisis of European civilization in the late Middle Ages; the rise and development of the Italian Renaissance; the spread of Renaissance culture from Italy to northern Europe. (HU) Baylor

HIST 157. (REL 157) Europe in the Age of the Reformation (4)

The breakup of the religious culture of medieval Christian Europe in the reformation movements of the sixteenth century. The origins and varieties of Protestantism; the intersection of religious ideas and politics in Germany, Switzerland, Britain, France, and the Netherlands; the “wars of religion” and the emergence of the European state system. (HU) Baylor

HIST 158. Europe in the 17th and 18th Centuries (4)

Transformation of European civilization from the 30 Years War to the outbreak of the French Revolution. Origins and development of the European state system; absolutism; commercial expansion and competition for empire; science; the Enlightenment and its impact on European culture and politics. (HU) Baylor

HIST 159. Revolutionary Europe, 1789-1870 (4)

Revolutions and reactions; the rise and spread of liberalism, nationalism, and socialism. (HU)

HIST 160. Europe in the Age of Total War, 1870-1945 (4)

Origins of two world wars; revolutionary governments in Germany, Italy, and Russia. (HU)

HIST 161. (CLSS 161) Roman Law (4)

Examination of Roman legal systems from the Twelve Tables to the Digest of Justinian.Emphasis on development of legal concepts and their historical context.Readings in primary sources; lectures; discussion. (SS) Phillips

HIST 162. Contemporary Europe (4)

Development of European States since 1945; European Community; Soviet influence and collapse. (HU) Savage

HIST 163. France since 1789 (4)

France's tumultuous transformation from an absolutist monarchy to a modern democratic republic.Explores major cultural, social and economic changes, with particular attention given to industrialization and urbanization, gender and class, church and state relations, the French Left and France's unique contribution to modern philosophy, art and culture. (SS) Savage

HIST 170. (ASIA 170) The Last Samurai (4)

Explores the revolutionary character of the political upheaval in 1868 that led to the fall of the ruling shogan and the dissolution of the elite samurai class.Examines both the causes of these major political and social changes, and their continuing impact upon Japanese culture and society. (HU) Cooper

HIST 177. (Asia 177, MLL 177) China Enters the Modern Age (4)

The collapse of the imperial order and China's agonizing transformation into a modern nation over the past 150 years.The impact of imperialism, war, radical social change, and protracted revolution on Chinese beliefs, values, and institutions. (HU or SS) Pankenier

HIST 179. (AAS 179) Black Political Thought in America (4)

Black leadership, organizations, and philosophy in America from Reconstruction to the Civil Rights Era; ideas and programs of Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. DuBois, Marcus Garvey, Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr. (SS) Scott

HIST 180. (REL 180) Religion and the American Experience (4)

The historical development of major religious groups in this country from colonial times to the present.Their place in social and political life, and the impact of the national experience upon them.Emphasis on religious freedom and pluralism, and the churchstate relationship. (HU)

For Advanced Undergraduates And Graduate Students

Graduate students may take 300 level courses, for which they receive 3 credits. Undergraduates must take them for 4 credits.

HIST 201. Historical Perspectives (4)

Methodologies and interpretations of Western historians from ancient times to the present. (HU) Baylor

HIST 202. Historical Research (4)

An introduction to historical interpretation, research design, and methodology. Students will research and write a paper on a historical topic using secondary and primary sources. (SS)

HIST 213. (CLSS 213, REL 213) Ancient Roman Religion (4)

Religious experience of the Roman people from prehistory to end of the empire.Nature of polytheism and its interactions with monotheism (Christianity, Judaism).Theories of religion.Emphasis on primary source materials. (SS) Phillips

HIST 253. (ARCH 253) Paris: Plan of Metropolis (3)

The splendor of modern Paris is due in large part to bold, large scale modernization and changes in the city’s patterns during the 19th century. This course, which is part of the Lehigh in Paris summer program, will cover a century of change and focus on the major accomplishments of its visionary planners. (HU) Savage.

HIST 303. Topics in History (2-4)

Intensive study in a particular area of history for advanced students. Topics may vary; may be repeated for credit with consent of advisor. (HU or SS depending on topic of seminar)

HIST 305. Public History (3-4)

An examination of the public role of history in modern society, with focus on issues facing historians in museums, historical societies, archives, historic preservation, the federal government, and other organizations in the public sphere. (SS) Carrell-Smith

HIST 306. Internship in Public History (2-4)

Professionally supervised work in a museum, historical society, archive, or other historical agency. Written journal or report evaluating the experience is required. Permission of department chair required. May be repeated for a maximum of six credits. May not be counted toward the major requirement of 12 hours of courses numbered 303 or higher. (ND) Carrell-Smith

HIST 308. Industrial America since 1945 (3-4)

Explores efforts to achieve both prosperity and security in the postwar era. Among the topics discussed: new technologies, consumer culture, disposable products, advertising, defense spending, technical assistance, and multinational corporations. (SS) Cooper

HIST 311. (CLSS 311) Twins and Sins: The Rise of Rome (3-4)

Rome from its origins to the mid-third century B.C. Emphasis on foundation legends, the power of the monarchy, and development of Roman political and religious institutions.Papers, quizzes, discussions. (SS) Phillips

HIST 312. (CLSS 312) Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (3-4)

Political, social, and economic history of the Roman Empire, A.D. 117-A.D. 565.Romanization of the provinces, diffusion of Christianity, and special attention to transformation to medieval period.Includes readings in translation of primary sources. (SS) Phillips

HIST 313. (CLSS 313) Golden Age of Greek Democracy (3-4)

Greek history of the 7th through 5th centuries B.C. Emphasis on the contrasting political and social systems of Athens and Sparta with consideration of related economic and military history. Attention to art, gender, literature, religion. Discussion and lectures; papers. (SS) Phillips

HIST 314. (CLSS 314) Age of Caesar and Christ (3-4)

Roman history of the 1^st century A.D. Political, cultural, and socioeconomic changes; special attention to the evolution of absolute power.Lectures, discussions, papers. (SS) Phillips

HIST 315. (ES 315) American Environmental History (3-4)

Relationship between Americans and their natural environment from the colonial period to the present: impact of European settlement, attitudes toward wilderness, role of technological development, rise of preservation and conservation movements, establishment of national parks, recent environmental protection legislation. (SS) Cutcliffe

HIST 319. Colonial America (3-4)

Founding and growth of colonies in North America through 1763.Emphasis on motives for settlement, Native American-European relations, and the economic, social, and political development of the British West Indies and mainland provinces. (SS) LeMaster, Soderlund

HIST 323. American Cultural History since 1900 (3-4)

Development of American popular culture and media: popular press, Hollywood, radio, television, sports, and advertising, and the meanings these institutions have created in 20^th-century United States. (HU) Pettegrew

HIST 325. (SSP 325, WGSS 325) History of Sexuality and the Family in the U.S. (3-4)

Changing conceptions of sexuality and the role of women, men, and children in the family and society from the colonial to the postWorld War II era.Emphasis on the significance of socioeconomic class and cultural background. Topics include family structure, birth control, legal constraints, marriage, divorce, and prostitution. (SS) Najar

HIST 326. (SSP 326) Social Class in American History (3-4)

Emphasis on the 19th and 20th century, focusing on: emergence of a whitecollar middle class; condition and treatment of the poor and growth of the welfare state; conditions of industrial workers, struggle to organize unions and their later decline; indicators of social status and exclusion among the rich; changing distribution of income and wealth over time and extent of social mobility. (SS) Simon

HIST 328. American Intellectual History since 1900 (3-4)

Social, literary, and political thought in the 20^thcentury with emphasis on pragmatism and progressivism, maturation of American literary culture, ideas of American exceptionalism at midcentury, civil rights movement and feminism, neoconservatism and recent trends. (HU) Pettegrew

HIST 331. (AAS 331) United States and Africa (3-4)

Reciprocal relationships between North America and the African continent from the slave trade in the 17th century to the 20th century-Afrocentric movement; impact of Americans on the shaping of modern Africa, Pan-African relations; influence of African Americans on US policies toward Africa. (SS) Scott

HIST 332. (AAS 332) Slavery and the American South (3-4)

The emergence and demise of the “peculiar institution” of African American slavery in British North America and the Old South. African background; colonial beginnings; 19th century-slave community; the ruling race and proslavery ideology; the death of slavery and its aftermath; slavery and freedom in a comparative context. (SS)

HIST 333. American City to 1900 (3-4)

Settlement and planning of colonial towns; role of towns in the revolutionary era; industrialization and relationship of economic and technological change to urbanization; establishment of urban institutions; Irish and German immigration; beginnings of suburbanization; downtowns and the creation of a civic culture. Required field trip. (SS) Simon

HIST 334. American City in the Twentieth Century (3-4)

Immigration; Progressive “reforms;” urban planning and zoning; impact of automobile and suburbanization; Depression and New Deal; public housing and racial ghettoes; urban decline and “renewal.”Required field trip. (SS) Simon

HIST 337 History and Community Memory (3-4)

This public history course provides students with the opportunity to research the history of a community. The community focus of the course will change each year. We will explore what constitutes community, what historical memory means, and how history functions to build or divide a community. Students will use both documents and oral history methods, and practice will be a major component of this course. (SS) Carrell-Smith.

HIST 338 Techniques in Public History (2 or 4)

Designed to introduce students to a variety of public history techniques. Instructor will focus on one of the following topics each term: archives, documentary film, exhibit design, historical editing, material culture, oral history. May be repeated to a maximum of 8 credits. (HU)

HIST 339. Managing Nonprofit Organizations (3-4)

Addresses the effective management of nonprofit organizations, focusing on operations, administration, legal, marketing, finance and accounting issues in the nonprofit environment and emphasizing organizations such as museums and preservation organizations. (SS)

HIST 340. (Asia 340) Japanese Industrialization (3-4)

Explores economic growth in the traditional economy, the rise of an entrepreneurial class, the importation of western technology, and the social, political and economic institutions which support industrial society since the early 19th century. (SS) Cooper

HIST 341. Mexico and Central America (3-4)

Emphasis on Mexico and Guatemala from the era of the Aztec through the wars of independence to the 20^th-century revolutions. (SS)

HIST 342. Argentina, Brazil and Chile (3-4)

Eighteenth-century Spanish imperial readjustments, independence, the emergence of new societies, 20^th-century extremist movements, and the problems of developing nations. (SS)

HIST 348. (GS 348) The British Empire and the Modern World (3-4)

Examines the empire from its humble beginnings in the sixteenth century to its sudden collapse after World War II. Topics include exploration, ideology, state-building, war, capitalism, globalization, racism, social transformation, independence movements, and post-colonial legacies. (HU) Bulman

HIST 349. Revolutions in Modern European History (3-4)

Explores the origins, meanings, and impact of European revolutions from a theoretical and comparative perspective. Focuses on the English (1642-1660), the French (1789-1799), and the Russian Revolution (1917-1929), and how they reflected and shaped new ideologies and policies related to human rights, economic development, popular sovereignty, nationalism, class and gender politics, and State and society relations. (SS) Savage

HIST 350. (GCP 350) 19th Century Paris and the Invention of Modernity (3-4)

This course considers the dramatic destruction and rebuilding of the city of Paris in the decades after 1850 and how changes in the built environment shaped social relations, political authority and cultural expression. Topics include the politics of city planning and architectural design; the history of the engineering profession, technology and the building trades; reactions to crime, disease and prostitution in the modern city; the 1848 Revolution, Paris Commune and political theory; the origins of photography, Impressionist painting and cinema; and the creation of mass consumer society. (HU) Savage

HIST 351. (GS 351) “The Gangs of New York” (4)

The course will use the Martin Scorcese film “The Gangs of New York” as a window to examine the social and economic transformations of New York City in the middle of the 19^th century. Emphasis will be on immigration, slum conditions, nativism, workingclass culture, gangs and street violence, politics, the Draft Riot of 1863, and the Tweed Ring. A recurrent theme will be to compare the historical record with the film's depiction of those events. There will be a required evening showing the film. NOT AVAILABLE FOR PASS/FAIL. (HU) Simon

HIST 355. (GS 355) The Destruction and Reconstruction of Europe, 1870-1950 (3)

An analysis of the decline and disintegration of European civilization through two world wars and Europe's reintegration in the era of the European Union.Emphasis on the development of the European state system, international conflict, and political thought. (SS) Baylor

HIST 356. European Cultural History (3-4)

Transformation of European culture from the 18th century to the present. The Enlightenment, cultural impact of the French and industrial revolutions, romanticism and ideologies of the 19th century, contemporary European thought. (HU) Savage

HIST 357. Early Modern Germany, 1500-1850 (3-4)

The emphasis will be on one or more of the following topics: the Reformation, the Thirty Years' War and its impact, absolutism, the rise of Prussia, the failure of German liberalism. (HU) Baylor

HIST 358. Modern Germany, 1850 to Present (3-4)

Focus on one or more of the following topics: nationalism and unification, the Second Empire, World War I, the Weimar republic, the Nazi movement, the Third Reich, and postwar Germany. (HU) Baylor

HIST 360. American Legal History (3-4)

The interrelationship between law and social development with emphasis on modern period.Founding of constitutional government and balance of power within the federal system, the problem of slavery, legal support and regulation of business, and the use of law in various reform and civil rights movements. (SS) Pettegrew

HIST 367. Rise and Fall of the Old South (3-4)

Explores the American South as a region from the era before European contact to the end of the Civil War. Emphasis will be placed on exploration and settlement, Native American-European relations, the pre-Revolutionarry contest for empire, and the rise and development of the plantation complex and slavery. (SS) LeMaster

HIST 368. Seminar in Latin American History (3-4)

Readings and individual investigation of selected topics. (SS)

HIST 370. (ANTH 370) Historical Archeology (3-4)

This course examines the unique nature of historical archaeology of postcontact America. Topics include reconstructing the past through the archaeological and historical record, exhibiting past culture, and capturing the real or imagined past. Course includes fieldwork and visits to famous archaeological sites. (SS) Small

HIST 371. Independent Study (1-4)

Directed readings in a topic or area of history not covered by current course offerings. For students of demonstrated ability and adequate preparation. Prerequisite: consent of department chair. May be repeated for credit with permission up to a maximum of six credits. (ND)

HIST 373. The French Revolution and Napoleon (3-4)

Breakdown of Absolute Monarchy; rise of Enlightenment culture and decadence of the court; storming of the Bastille and creation of republican government; daily life and “Great Fear” in rural areas; invention of modern nationalism and Napoleonic military culture; role of women in political life; uses of mass propaganda, public festivals and transformation of the arts; political violence in the “Terror,” Napoleon's imperial system and warfare with Europe; impact on revolutionary movements abroad and geopolitical realignment of the Atlantic World. (HU) Savage

HIST 391. Honors Thesis in History (4)

Opportunity for undergraduate majors in history to pursue an extended project for senior honors.By invitation and department permission only. (ND)

HIST 392. Honors Thesis in History (2)

Continuation of History 391 available under exceptional circumstances where additional credit for honors project is warranted.Department permission only. (ND)

Graduate Work in History

Lehigh University has been granting advanced degrees in history for more than seventy years. Its graduates have become university and college professors, secondary school teachers and administrators, museum directors, and public servants. The graduate program focuses primarily on the areas in which the department is particularly strong in faculty and resources, notably 1) Atlantic World and Colonial America and 2) Modern America, including industry and technology. The department works closely with the Lawrence Henry Gipson Institute for Eighteenth Century Studies which sponsors yearly symposia and provides research support for both faculty and students. The history of technology program is closely tied to Lehigh's Science, Technology, and Society program.

Lehigh's libraries are especially rich in materials for graduate research in history, particularly in the fields listed above. They have an extensive collection of scholarly periodicals and monographs. Graduate programs provide intensive and specialized study, and the policy of limited enrollment permits close relations between faculty and students.

Admission to graduate study in history is competitive and dependent upon the applicant's undergraduate preparation and record, recommendations, and Graduate Record Examination scores. Besides general requirements for College of Arts and Sciences graduate programs, the following special requirements apply to graduate study in history.

Master of Arts

There are two masters programs. Under Plan I, a candidate may earn the degree by successfully completing 27 hours of approved course work and submitting a thesis of the length and quality that would make it suitable for publication as a scholarly article. The paper may build on work presented in a graduate research seminar in the program. Candidates continuing toward a doctorate should select Plan I. Candidates declaring Plan II take 30 hours of approved course work and pass examinations in two fields chosen from American, British, European, and Latin American history, and History of Technology. Candidates in either plan are required to maintain a 3.3 average in all graduate work and to take History 401 and History 404 or 405.

M.A. in History with Concentration in Public History

Students may earn through either Plan I or Plan II (see above), an M.A. in History with a concentration in Public History by completing a total of 36 hours of approved course work, including a minimum of 10 credits and maximum of 12 credits in approved Public History courses.

Doctor of Philosophy

Students in the Ph.D. program in history must maintain a 3.50 average after two semesters of study. During the second semester, doctoral students select one major and three minor fields in which to take comprehensive written and oral examinations. The dissertation will be in the major field. The dissertation advisor will chair a special committee that will oversee the student's graduate program. The other members of the special committee will be those faculty who are examiners in the selected fields and one professor from another department relevant to the candidate's major field. No professor may direct more than one field, but the direction of a field may involve two professors. An original dissertation is required, and it must be successfully defended to the examining committee.

All Ph.D. students must meet the University Concentrated Learning Requirement. They must take Historical Research (401). Students who enter the Ph.D. program with an M.A. from another university must also take either Readings in the History of the Atlantic World (404) or Readings in the History of Industrial America (405). Students are encouraged to take both seminars if appropriate to their course of study. All Ph.D. students must take at least 18 hours of directed readings courses (400 series) beyond the M.A.

Major Fields. Major fields are Technology, Modern Britain, Colonial America, Nineteenth Century United States, Twentieth Century United States. (The Nineteenth and Twentieth century fields may be divided topically rather than chronologically; for example, a Student may be examined in labor/social history 1800-present, and in political history 1800-present.)

Minor Fields. Any of the major fields listed above may also be minor fields. Examples of other minor fields are American Studies; Ancient History; Early Modern Europe; Modern Europe; Latin America; Environmental History; Japan; Public History; Science, Technology and Society studies.

Language Requirements. The student's special committee determines whether proficiency in a foreign language or proficiency in statistical methods will be required for the doctoral degree.

Graduate Courses in History

HIST 401. Historical Research (3)

Techniques of research in history: training in the critical handling of documentary materials, in measuring the value of evidence, and in formal presentation of the results of research. Students will write an original research paper using primary materials. Required of all graduate students in history.

HIST 404. Readings in the History of the Atlantic World, 1500-1900 (3)

Core readings offering a comparative and integrative approach to studying the development of nations, economic systems and trade, colonization, and cultural encounters among the people of Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

HIST 405. Readings in the History of Industrial America (3)

Core readings in the history of technology and the larger framework of intellectual, social, economic, and political history. Includes comparative studies in the history of industrializing Europe and Japan.

HIST 407. Seminar in the History of American Industrial Technology (3)

Origin and evolution of American technology and industry from the 19th century to the present. Investigates dynamics of major industries in national and international context. Not open to students who have taken HIST 307.

HIST 421. Readings in Topics in the Atlantic World (3)

Study in small groups under the guidance of a faculty member on a particular topic in the history of the Atlantic World. May be repeated for credit with the permission of the instructor.

HIST 426. Readings in Topics in American History (3)

Study in small groups under the guidance of a faculty member on a particular topic in U.S. history across several centuries. May be repeated for credit with permission of the instructor.

HIST 438. Techniques in Public History (2 or 3)

Designed to introduce students to a variety of public history techniques. Instructor will focus on one of the following topics each term: archives, documentary film, exhibit design, historical editing, material culture, oral history. May be repeated to a maximum of 8 credits.

HIST 440. Readings in Colonial American History (3)

Study in small groups under the guidance of a faculty member of the literature of the 17th and 18th centuries. May be repeated for credit with the permission of the faculty advisor.

HIST 441. Readings in Nineteenth Century American History (3)

Study in small groups under the guidance of a faculty member of the literature of the 19th century. May be repeated for credit with the permission of the faculty advisor.

HIST 442. Readings in Twentieth Century American History (3)

Study in small groups under the guidance of a faculty member of the literature of the 20th century. May be repeated for credit with permission of the faculty advisor.

HIST 443. Readings in English History (3)

Study in small groups, under the guidance of a faculty member, of the literature of a particular period, problem, or area of English history. May be repeated for credit with permission of the faculty advisor.

HIST 444. Readings in Latin American History (3)

Study in small groups, under the guidance of a faculty member, of the literature of a particular period, problem, or area of Latin American history. May be repeated for credit with permission of the faculty advisor.

HIST 445. Readings in the History of Science (3)

Study in small groups under the guidance of a faculty member on the history of science. May be repeated for credit with permission of the faculty advisor.

HIST 446. Readings in the History of Technology (3)

Study in small groups under the guidance of a faculty member of the history of technology. May be repeated for credit with the permission of the faculty advisor.

HIST 447. Readings in European History (3)

Study in small groups, under the guidance of a faculty member, of the literature of a particular period, problem or aspect of European history. May be repeated for credit with permission of the faculty advisor.

HIST 448. (POLS 448) Land Use, Growth Management, and the Politics of Sprawl (3)

Introduction to issues of Land Use Planning, Community, Growth Management, and Sprawl. Examination of history of urban development in America from earliest settlements to the auto suburbs; also such planning and development factors as comprehensive plans, zoning, and the influence of infrastructure on development. Concludes with an assessment of the revival of city centers, alternatives to sprawl, and comparisons to development patterns in other countries. Freeman

HIST 452. Research in American History (3)

An intensive research seminar on a phase of American history. May be repeated for credit with permission of the department chair.

HIST 453. Research in English History (3)

An intensive research seminar on a phase of English history. May be repeated for credit with permission of the department chair.

HIST 454. Research in Latin American History (3)

An intensive research seminar on a phase of Latin American history. May be repeated for credit with permission of the department chair.

HIST 455. Research in History of Science and Technology (3)

An intensive research seminar on a phase or aspect of the history of science and technology. May be repeated for credit with permission of the department chair.

HIST 457. Research in European History (3)

An intensive research seminar on a phase of European history. May be repeated for credit with permission of the department chair.

HIST/WGSS 458. Readings in Gender History (3)

Study in small groups under the guidance of a faculty member on the literature of an issue, period, country or culture within gender history. May be repeated for credit with permission of the faculty advisor.

HIST 471. Special Topics in History (1-3)

Individual study under the direction of a faculty member of a topic in history. May be repeated for credit.

HIST 472. Special Topics in History (1-3)

Individual study under the direction of a faculty member of a topic in history. May be repeated for credit.

HIST 473. Special Topics in History (1-3)

Individual study under the direction of a faculty member of a topic in history. May be repeated for credit.

HIST 481. Teaching History (1)

Focuses on the practical aspects of college teaching, including teaching methods, preparation of syllabi and exams, grading papers and exams, and dealing with problems such as plagiarism.Required for teaching assistants, teaching fellows, and Ph.D. students in the Department of History.

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