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Electrical and Computer Engineering

Professors. Filbert J. Bartoli, Ph.D. (Catholic University of America), chair, and Chandler Weaver chair; Rick S. Blum, Ph.D. (Pennsylvania), R. W. Wieseman chair of electrical engineering; D. Richard Decker, Ph.D. (Lehigh); Yujie J. Ding, Ph.D. (Johns Hopkins), Class of ‘61 professor; Douglas R. Frey, Ph.D. (Lehigh); Miltiadis Hatalis, Ph.D. (Carnegie Mellon); James C. M. Hwang, Ph.D. (Cornell); Alastair D. McAulay, Ph.D. (Carnegie Mellon); Alan J. Snyder, Ph.D. (Pennsylvania), Vice President and Associate Provost for Research and Graduate Studies.

Associate Professors. Tiffany Jing Li, Ph.D. (Texas A&M); Shalinee Kishore, Ph.D. (Princeton); Karl H. Norian, Ph.D. (Imperial College, London); Nelson Tansu, Ph.D. (Wisconsin-Madison); Svetlana Tatic-Lucic, Ph.D. (Cal Tech.); Meghanad D. Wagh, Ph.D. (I.I.T., Bombay); Zhiyuan Yan, Ph.D. (Illinois Urbana-Champaign) .

Assistant Professors. Yevgeny Berdichevsky, Ph.D., (California, San Deigo); Sushil Kumar, Ph.D. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology); Parv Venkitasubramaniam, Ph.D. (Cornell).

Professors of Practice. William A. Best, M.S. (Virginia Tech), Martha Dodge, M.B.A. (Lehigh); William Haller, M.S. (Lehigh), associate chair, director of engineering minor program, and electrical engineering minor.

The department of electrical and computer engineering (ECE) offers undergraduate and graduate programs of study along with supporting research for students interested in the field of electrical engineering. It also jointly supports undergraduate and graduate programs in computer engineering, and computer science with the computer science and engineering (CSE) department. Graduate study leads to the degrees master of science, master of engineering, and doctor of philosophy in electrical engineering, and the master of science and doctor of philosophy in computer engineering.

The undergraduate programs emphasize the fundamental aspects of their respective areas. Engineering design concepts are introduced early in the curriculum, and required instructional laboratories introduce design as a hands-on activity. Electives permit students to tailor their programs according to their interests and goals, whether they be in preparation for graduate study or entry into industry. Students are free to select courses offered by other departments and are encouraged to do so when appropriate. In this way they can prepare themselves for activities which straddle departmental boundaries or for entry into professional schools such as medicine or management. Students have the opportunity to synthesize and apply their knowledge in a senior design project. Students may use the senior design project as a way to participate in the various research projects in the department.

The department maintains a number of laboratories in support of its curricular programs. These laboratories include the sophomore and junior lab electronic circuits and systems laboratory, microcomputer laboratory, electromechanics laboratory, digital signal processing laboratory, digital systems laboratory and senior projects laboratories.

The department has research laboratories in computer architectures, wireless communications, optoelectronics, compound semiconductors, electron device physics, microelectronics fabrication, signal processing, and communications. These laboratories, among others, are available for undergraduate projects.

The graduate programs allow students to deepen their professional knowledge, understanding, and capability within their subspecialties. Each graduate student develops a program of study in consultation with his or her graduate advisor. Key research thrust areas in the department include:

1. Microelectronics and Nanotechnology.

2. Wireless Communications and Networking.

3. Optoelectronics.

4. Bio-Engineering.

Graduate research is encouraged in these and other areas.

Computers and computer usage are an essential part of the student’s environment. The university provides a distributed network of about 75 high-performance workstations and over 300 PC-compatible microcomputers in public sites throughout the campus. The ECE department, in conjunction with the CSE department, has state-of-the-art systems to augment and extend the generally available university systems. A primary resource is a network of more than 60 Sun workstations, file servers, and compute servers, running the Unix operating system. In addition, the ECE department has a 16 node cluster that is used for high performance computing. Additional resources to facilitate learning are the approximately 90 workstations running the Microsoft and Linux platforms, that are located in the various ECE teaching labs. These systems provide an array of software tools for students and researchers, such as Cadence, Freescale, Agilent Data Systems software, Silvaco, VPI, Matlab, and Labview. The workstations are connected via multiple high-speed ethernet, fiber optic, and ATM networks, which are in turn connected to the university’s backbone network, and to the external world through Internet 2. Students are not required by the department, nor the university, to own a personal computer, but many find such a tool a valuable asset.

A detailed description of the curricular programs follows with a listing of the required courses and with a listing of the departmental course offerings. The departmental courses carry the prefix ECE for electrical and computer engineering. Courses given by the Computer Science and Engineering department have the prefix CSE. Students are urged to search both listings for courses appropriate to their career goals.

Undergraduate Programs

Mission Statement for the Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering Programs

The mission of the electrical engineering and computer engineering programs is to prepare engineers to meet the challenges of the future, to promote a sense of scholarship, leadership, and service among our graduates, to instill in the students the desire to create, develop, and disseminate new knowledge, and to provide international leadership to the electrical engineering and computer engineering professions.

Program Educational Objectives in Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering

The graduates of the electrical engineering program will:

1. Solve technologically challenging problems in electrical engineering using their fundamental knowledge of math, science and engineering.

2. Attain positions of responsibility in their chosen careers, including industry, government, medicine, business, law and academia by applying their electrical engineering skills, professional attitudes and ethics.

3. Engage in lifelong learning through graduate studies, research, and continuing education.

4. Apply their knowledge of global, societal and environmental issues in solving engineering problems.

5. Function on multidisciplinary teams using their technical knowledge and effective communication skills.

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering

The required courses for this degree contain the fundamentals of linear circuits, systems and control theory, electronic circuits, signal theory, physical electronics, electromagnetic theory, energy conversion, digital systems, and computing techniques. A strong foundation in the physical sciences and in mathematics is required. Approved electives, chosen with the advisor’s consent, are selected in preparation for graduate study or entry into industry according to individual interests. The program totals 134 credit hours. The recommended sequence of courses follows:

See freshman year requirements, section III.

sophomore year, first semester (17 credit hours)

sophomore year, second semester (18 credit hours)

junior year, first semester (17-18 credit hours)

junior year, second semester (17 credit hours)

senior year, first semester (18-19 credit hours)

senior year, second semester (17-18 credit hours)

*Approved technical electives are subjects in the area of science and technology. Students must select a minimum of four courses from the ECE or CSE course listings, with a minimum of two courses in one of the technical areas described in the following list. Students must also choose at least one engineering elective in either materials, mechanics, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics or physical chemistry, and at least one science elective in physics, chemistry or biology. For students interested in solid-state electronics, quantum mechanics is recommended for the science elective.

Approved Technical Electives for Electrical Engineering

Breadth Requirement: Minimum of 4 ECE or CSE elective courses.

Depth Requirement: Minimum of 2 courses in one of the technical areas described below.

A. Solid-State Circuits

B. Signal Processing and Communications

C. Microwaves and Lightwaves

D. Computers

Note: ECE 350 Special Topics (3) (The area of each course must be evaluated individually)

Minor in Electrical Engineering

Minor Program Director: William R. Haller, Associate Chair

The purpose of the Electrical Engineering minor is to enable students to supplement their major with knowledge and skills that increase their ability to realize their multi-disciplinary goals and/or make them more marketable upon graduation.

Required courses:

One of the following Electrical and Computer Engineering Courses or Other Approved Elective:

Electives:

*Mechanical Engineering substitute ME 245 Engineering Vibrations for ECE 108, by petition, but must select an additional ECE elective. Because of similar course requirements between electrical and computer engineering majors, computer engineering students wishing to minor in electrical engineering can use one required course in their major and must choose four electives, excluding required courses, from the above list to satisfy the requirements of the electrical engineering minor. Computer engineering technical electives (chosen from the above list) can be used to satisfy the requirements of the minor.

Technical minors must be declared by the end of pre-registration of the student’s sixth semester. If course requirements change or a student wishes to vary the list of courses above, a revised minor declaration form must be submitted.

Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering

See catalog entry for Computer Engineering.

Graduate Programs

Graduate programs of study provide a balance between formal classroom instruction and research and are tailored to the individual student’s professional goals. The programs appeal to individuals with backgrounds in electrical or computer engineering, mathematics, or the physical sciences. Research is an essential part of the graduate program. Major research areas include:

Wireless Communications and Networking

Signal design (CDMA, OFDM, etc), near-far communication strategies, space-time diversity coding, channel and interference modeling, digital audio and video compression, digital signal processing, novel devices, communication networks, image processing, data fusion, and compound semiconductor devices.

Microelectronics Devices, Integrated Circuits, VLSI Design

Mixed Signal design, Silicon integrated circuit technology, processing, fabrication and testing. Semiconductor device physics, nano scale devices, CMOS VLSI logic design and verification, computer-aided design (CAD), VLSI chip architectures, computer architecture including embedded systems and systems-on-a-chip. New sensors, actuators and novel microsystems, ranging from micro-electromechanical-systems (MEMS) to chemical microreactors and Biochips.

Optoelectronics and Photonics

Fiber optic communications and networks, applications of nonlinear optics, optical switching, novel devices, and optical computing. Freespace optical communication systems. Terahertz generation, amplification, detection, and applications, nanostructures and nanodevices. Biophotonics.

The Master of Science degree requires the completion of 30 credit hours of work that may include a six credit hours thesis for the EE and CompE degrees. A program of study must be submitted in compliance with the graduate school regulations. An oral presentation of the thesis is required.

The Master of Engineering degree requires the completion of 30 credit hours of work, which includes design-oriented courses and an engineering project. A program of study must be submitted in compliance with the college rules. An oral presentation of the project is required.

The Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering requires the completion of 42 credit hours of work (including the dissertation) beyond the master’s degree (48 hours if the master’s degree is non-Lehigh), the passing of a departmental qualifying examination appropriate to each degree within one year after entrance into the degree program, the passing of a general examination in the candidate’s area of specialization, the admission into candidacy, and the writing and defense of a dissertation. Competence in a foreign language is not required.

The ECE Department has a core curriculum requirement for graduate students in each of the degree programs. The purpose of this requirement is to guarantee that all students pursuing graduate studies in the department acquire an appropriate breadth of knowledge of their discipline.

Electrical Engineering: To satisfy the core curriculum requirements in Electrical Engineering, students must select three (3) courses from the following five (5) different areas: ECE 401 Advanced Computer Architecture; ECE 402 Advanced Electromagnetic Theory; ECE 441 Fundamentals of Wireless Communications; ECE 420 Advanced Circuits and Systems; ECE 451 Physics of Semiconductor Devices.

Computer Engineering: see catalog entry for Computer Engineering.

M.S. in Photonics

The Masters of Science degree in Photonics is an interdisciplinary degree that is designed to provide students with a broad training experience in the various aspects of photonics, including topics in Physics, Electrical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering. It covers both theoretical and practical topics in areas such as fiber optics, integrated optics, lasers, nonlinear optics and optical materials to prepare the students to work in industry directly after graduation. The program is also designed so as to make it possible for students who wish to continue on for a Ph.D. to still satisfy the requirements of their individual departments for the more advanced degree. For details on this program, see the separate catalog section under Interdisciplinary Graduate Study and Research.

M. S. in Wireless Communications and Network Engineering

The Master of Science degree in Wireless Communications and Network Engineering at Lehigh University is designed to prepare the next generation of engineers for the communications and networking industries. The curriculum aims to produce graduates that can contribute to the design and analysis of communication systems in the broadest context. To accommodate the student’s study of various aspects of wireless communications and networking, we have limited the number of required core courses to allow maximum flexibility in pursuing specific interests. The required core courses are: Communication Theory (ECE 342), Fundamentals of Wireless Communications (ECE 441), and Computer Networks (ECE 404). In addition to the core courses, the students will take advanced courses that are aimed to furnish the student with a deeper knowledge of more specific types and aspects of information networks. ECE 342 must be the first course taken and the core courses should precede advanced courses.

Departmental Courses

Courses are listed under the prefixes ECE and CSE. Generally, electrical engineering courses carry the ECE prefix and appear in the following listing. Computer science courses carry the CSE prefix. Computer engineering courses are found under either prefix. The CSE courses are listed in the Computer Science and Engineering department section in this catalog. The reader should consult both listings.

Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE)

For Undergraduate Students

ECE 33. Introduction to Computer Engineering (4) fall

Analysis, design and implementation of small digital circuits. Boolean algebra. Minimization techniques, synchronous sequential circuit design, number systems and arithmetic. Microcomputer architecture and assembly level programming. Prerequisite: ENGR 97 or CSE 17.

ECE 81. Principles of Electrical Engineering (4) fall

Circuit elements and laws. Behavior of simple linear networks, include equivalent circuits and solution techniques. Solution of DC circuits and AC circuits using phasor techniques. Introduction to operational amplifiers. Steady state and transient response of simple circuits. Includes a weekly session for review and discussion. May not be taken with ECE 83 for credit. Prerequisite: MATH 22. Co-requisite: Phys 21.

ECE 83. Introduction to Electrical Engineering (3) spring

Circuit elements and laws. Behavior of simple linear networks. Characteristics of electronic circuits and modeling. Introduction to functional circuits, such as operational amplifiers, instrumentation amplifiers, and power systems. Introduction to basic filters and data converters. May not be taken with ECE 81 for credit. Prerequisite: Math 22, Co-requisite: Phys 21.

ECE 108. Signals and Systems (4) fall

Continuous and discrete signal and system descriptions using signal space and transform representations. Includes Fourier series, continuous and discrete Fourier transforms, Laplace transforms, and z-transforms. Introduction to sampling. Prerequisite: ECE 81.

ECE 121. Electronic Circuits Laboratory (2) spring

One lecture and one laboratory per week. Experiments illustrating the principles of operation of electronic devices and their circuit applications. Basic electronic instrumentation and measurement techniques. Prerequisite: ECE 81.

ECE 123. Electronic Circuits (3) spring

Methods for analyzing and designing circuits containing electronic devices. Topics include device models, basic amplifier configurations, operating point stabilization, frequency response analysis, and computer-aided analysis of active circuits. Prerequisite: ECE 81.

ECE 125. Circuits and Systems (3) spring

Formulation of linear circuit equations in the time and frequency domain. Complete solutions of difference and differential equations. Network theorems. Basic stability and feedback concepts. Modulation theory, sampling theory and basic digital signal processing ideas. Prerequisite: ECE 108.

ECE 126. Fundamentals of Semiconductor Devices (3) spring

Introduction to the physics of semiconductors in terms of atomic bonding and electron energy bands in solids. Charge carriers in semiconductors and carrier concentration at thermal equilibrium. Principles of electron and hole transport, drift and diffusion currents, generation and recombination processes, continuity. Treatment of semiconductor devices including p-n junctions, bipolar junction transistors and field effect transistors. Prerequisite: ECE 81.

ECE 136. Electromechanics (3) fall

Two lectures and one laboratory per week. An experimental introduction to electromechanical energy conversion. Basic concepts of magnetic fields and forces and their application to electrical apparatus including electromechanical transducers, transformers, AC and DC machines. Prerequisite: ECE 81.

ECE 138. Digital Systems Laboratory (2) spring

Implementation issues and techniques for digital logic design. Combinational and sequential logic design using standard integrated circuits. I/O and interrupt processing. Design and implementation of real-time complex digital logic using microprocessor systems. Prerequisite: ECE 33.

ECE 162. Electrical Laboratory (1) spring

Experiments on circuits, machines, and electronic devices. Elementary network theory. Survey laboratory for students not majoring in electrical or computer engineering. Prerequisite: ECE 81, or ECE 83.

ECE 182. Junior Lab (1) fall

An introduction to the fundamental laboratory instrumentation and measurement techniques of electrical and computer engineering. Five or six experiments based on the fundamental concepts discussed in the prerequisite courses. Introduction to PSPICE and application of various computer aids to design and documentation. Discussions of electrical components and laboratory safety. Use of an engineering notebook and report writing. One three hour laboratory per week. Prerequisites: ECE 33 and ECE 81, previously.

ECE 201. Computer Architecture (3) spring

Structure and function of digital computers. Computer components and their operations. Computer interconnection structures. Memory system and cache memory. Interrupt driven input/output and direct memory access. Instruction sets and addressing modes. Instruction pipelining. Floating-point representation and arithmetic. Alternative architectures: RISC vs. CISC and introduction to parallel architectures. Prerequisite: ECE 33.

ECE 202. Introduction to Electromagnetics (3) fall

Elements of vector analysis, Coulomb’s law, Biot-Savart’s and Ampere’s laws, Lorentz Forces, Laplace’s, and Maxwell’s equations, boundary conditions, methods of solution in static electric and magnetic fields, including finite element numerical approach. Quasistationary fields, inductance. Prerequisites: MATH 205, Phys. 21.

ECE 203. Introduction to Electromagnetic Waves (3) spring

Uniform plane waves in free space and in materials, skin effect. Waves in transmission lines and waveguides, including optical fibers. Energy and power flow, Poynting’s theorem. Reflection and refraction. Resonators. Radiation and diffraction. Prerequisite: ECE 202.

ECE 212. Control Theory (3)

Introduction to feedback control. Dynamic analysis of linear feedback systems in the time and frequency domain, with emphasis on stability and steady-state accuracy. Major analytical tools: signal-flow graphs, root-locus methods. Nyquist plot, Bode analysis. Cascade compensation techniques. Prerequisite: ECE 125.

ECE 256. Honors Project (1) spring

Open by invitation only to students who have completed ECE 257, Senior Project. Selection is based upon the quality of the senior project with regard to ingenuity, design approach and completeness. The objective of this course is to carry the successful senior projects forward to completion of a technical paper suitable for publication or submission to a technical conference. A written paper and oral presentation are required by mid-semester. Oral presentations will be made before an appropriate public forum. Enrollment limited.

ECE 257. Senior Lab I (3)

With ECE 258, provides a complete design experience for Electrical and Computer Engineers. Research, planning, and completion of the initial design for a project involving hardware and/or software, integrating the many facets of their undergraduate program. Instruction in technical writing, product development, ethics and professional engineering, and presentation of design and research. Two three hour sessions and one additional two hour lecture per week. Prerequisite: Senior status or departmental approval

ECE 258. Senior Lab II (2)

Continuation of ECE 257. Complete design, construction, and testing of projects selected and developed in ECE 257. Present final design reviews and project presentations. Submit a final written report. Discuss development issues, including manufacturability, patents, and ethics. Two three-hour sessions per week. Prerequisite: ECE 257 or departmental approval.

ECE 308. Physics and Models of Electronic Devices (3)

Physics of metal-semiconductor junction, p-n junctions, and MOS capacitors. Models of Schottky barrier and p-n junction diodes, JFET, MOSFET, and bipolar transistors. Prerequisite: ECE 126.

ECE 310. Wireless Circuits (3) spring

Theory and design of high-frequency circuits for wireless communications. Transmission lines and microwave networks. Types of circuits explored include filters, amplifiers, mixers, voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs), phase locked loops (PLLs), synthesizers, modulators and demodulators, and antennae. Design using scattering parameters, Smith chart and RF/microwave CAD programs for simulation. System performance analysis based on noise figure, antenna gain and the Friis equation will be developed. Modulation techniques of AM, FM, PM, and QPSK systems will be compared based on bit error rates (BER) calculated from system parameters. Prerequisite: ECE203

ECE 319. Digital System Design (3) fall

Design techniques at the register transfer level. Control strategies for hardware architectures. Implementation of microprogramming, intersystem communication and peripheral interfacing. Hardware design languages and their use in design specification, verification and simulation. Prerequisite: ECE 138.

ECE 320. Logic Design (3)

Review of basic switching theory, vector boolean algebra, canonical implementations of medium size circuits, threshold logic, fault detection in combinational and sequential logic, Multivalued and Fuzzy logic, regular expressions, nondeterministic sequential machines. Prerequisite: ECE 33. Wagh

ECE 324. Microprocessors (3) spring

Microprocessor architectures with focus on Motorola 8, 16, and 32-bit microprocessors (68HC11, 9S12DP256 and Coldfire MCF5XXX series). Chip features, programming model, instruction set, use of programming tools, flash memory programming, interrupt programming and interfacing to external devices and memory. Programming primarily in C-language with some assembly. (two lectures and one laboratory per week) Prerequisite: ECE 33

ECE 325. Semiconductor Lasers I (3)

Review of elementary solid-state physics. Relationships between Fermi energy and carrier density and leakage. Introduction to optical waveguiding in simple double-heterostructures. Density of optical modes, Blackbody radiation and the spontaneous emission factor. Modal gain, modal loss, and confinement factors. Einstein’s approach to gain and spontaneous emission. Periodic structures and the transmission matrix. Ingredients. A phenomenological approach to diode lasers. Mirrors and resonators for diode lasers. Gain and current relations. Credit will not be given for both ECE 325 and ECE 425. Prerequisite: ECE 203.

ECE 326. Semiconductor Lasers II (3)

Continuation of Semiconductor Lasers I. Topics covered include: Gain and current relations; dynamic effects; perturbation and coupled-mode theory; dielectric waveguides; and photonic integrated circuits. Credit will not be given for both ECE 326 and ECE 426. Prerequisite: ECE 325

ECE 332. Design of Linear Electronic Circuits (3)

Introduction to a variety of linear design concepts and topologies, with contemporary audio networks providing many of the concrete examples. Topics include low- and high-level preamps; equalizers and filters; mixers; voltage-controlled amplifiers; input and output stage modifications; power amplifiers; analog switching and digital interface circuitry. Prerequisites: ECE 123 and ECE 125. Frey.

ECE 333. Medical Electronics (3)

Bioelectric events and electrical methods used to study and influence them in medicine, electrically excitable membranes, action potentials, electrical activity of muscle, the heart and brain, bioamplifiers, pulse circuits and their applications. Prerequisite: ECE 123 or equivalent. Norian.

ECE 336. (CSE 336) Embedded Systems (3)

Use of small computers embedded as part of other machines. Limited-resource microcontrollers and state machines from high level description language. Embedded hardware: RAM, ROM, flash, timers, UARTs, PWM, A/D, multiplexing, debouncing. Development and debugging tools running on host computers. Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) semaphores, mailboxes, queues. Task priorities and rate monotonic scheduling. Software architectures for embedded systems. Prerequisite: CSE 17.

ECE 337. Introduction to Micro- and Nanofabrication (3)

Survey of the standard IC fabrication processes, such as photolithography, dry and wet etching, oxidation, thin-film deposition and chemical mechanical polishing. In-depth analysis of MEMS-specific processes such as wafer bonding, wet anisotropic etching, photolithography using thick photoresist, and deep reactive ion etching of silicon. The basics of nanofabrication techniques. The fundamentals of MEMS design will be outlined. A wide variety of MEMS and NEMS devices will be discussed. Prerequisite: Math 231 and Mat33 or ECE351 or consent of the instructor.

ECE 338. Quantum Electronics (3)

Electromagnetic fields and their quantization. propagation of optical beams in homogeneous and lens-like media. Modulation of optical radiation. Coherent interactions of radiation fields and atomic systems. Introduction to nonlinear optics-second-harmonic generation. Parametric amplification, oscillation, and fluorescence. Third-order optical nonlinearities. Credit will not be given for both ECE 338 and ECE 438. Prerequisite: ECE 203.

ECE 339. Graphical Signal Processing (3)

Application of graphical programming to mathematical principles in data analysis and signal processing. Review of digital signal processing, use of structures, arrays, charts, building virtual instruments, graphical programming for linear algebra, curve fitting, solving differential and difference equations, signal generation, DFT and FFT analysis, windowing and filtering. Prerequisite: ECE 108.

ECE 341. Fundamentals of Wireless Communications (3)

Overview of wireless communication systems basics. Cellular concept and other wireless systems. System design fundamentals. Mobile Radio Propagation Modeling: Flat, Frequency Selective, Fast, Slow fading channels, Path Loss Models. Multiple access. Modulation Techniques for wireless. Introduction to wireless networking. Wireless systems and standards. Future wireless systems. Prerequisite: ECE 108 or permission of instructor.

ECE 342. Communication Theory (3)

Theory and application of analog and digital modulation. Sampling theory with application to analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion techniques. Time and frequency division multiplexing. Introduction to random processes including filtering and noise problems. Introduction to statistical communication theory with primary emphasis on optimum receiver principles. Prerequisites: ECE 125 and MATH 309 or MATH 231.

ECE 343. Digital Signal Processing (3)

Study of orthogonal signal expansions and their discrete representations, including the Discrete Fourier Transform and Walsh-Hadamard Transform. Development of fast algorithms to compute these, with applications to speech processing and communication. Introduction to the z-transform representation of numerical sequences with applications to input/output analysis of discrete systems and the design of digital filters. Analysis of the internal behavior of discrete systems using state variables for the study of stability, observability and controllability. Prerequisite: ECE 108.

ECE 344. Statistical Signal Processing (3)

Introduction to random processes, covariance and spectral density, time average, stationarity, and ergodicity. Response of systems to random inputs. Sampling and quantization of random signals. Optimum filtering, estimation, and hypothesis testing. Prerequisites: MATH 231 or MATH 309, and ECE 108. Blum.

ECE 347. Introduction to Integrated Optics (3)

Theory of dielectric waveguides (ray and wave approach). Modes in planar slab optical guides and in waveguides with graded index profiles. Coupled-mode formalism and periodic structures. Coupling of optical beams to planar structures. Switching and modulation of light in dielectric guides: phase, frequency and polarization modulators; electro-optic, acousto-optic and magneto-optic modulators. Semiconductor lasers. Fabrication of semiconductor components. Recent advances. Prerequisites: ECE 202 and ECE 203.

ECE 348. Lightwave Technology (3)

Overview of optical fiber communications. Optical fibers, structures and waveguiding fundamentals. Signal degradation in fibers arising from attenuation, intramodal and intermodal dispersion. Optical sources, semiconductor lasers and LEDs. Rate equations and frequency characteristics of a semiconductor laser. Coupling efficiency of laser diodes and LEDs to single-mode and multimode fibers. PIN and avalanche photodetectors. Optical receiver design. Transmission link analysis. Prerequisite: ECE 203.

ECE 350. Special Topics (3)

Selected topics in the field of electrical and computer engineering not included in other courses. May be repeated for credit.

ECE 351. Microelectronics Technology (3)

Technology of semiconductor devices and of integrated circuits, including crystal growth and doping, phase diagrams, diffusion, epitaxy, thermal oxidation and oxide masking, lithography. The major emphasis will be on silicon technology, with additional lectures on GaAs technology. Prerequisite: ECE 126.

ECE 355. Applied Integrated Circuits (3)

Emphasis on understanding of terminal characteristics of integrated circuits with excursion into internal structure only as necessary to assure proper utilization in system design. Classes of devices studied include operational amplifiers, digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital converters, linear multipliers, modulators, and phase-locked loops. Prerequisites: ECE 108 and 123. Frey.

ECE 361. Introduction to VLSI Circuits (3)

The design of Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) Circuits, with emphasis on CMOS Standard Cell design. Topics include MOS transistor physics, device behavior and device modeling, MOS technology and physical layout, design of combinational and sequential circuits, static and dynamic memories, and VLSI chip organization. The course includes a design project using CAE tools for layout, design rule checking, parameter extraction, and SPICE simulations for performance prediction. Two one-hour lectures and three hours of laboratory per week. Prerequisite: ECE 123.

ECE 362. Introduction to VLSI System Design (3)

Structured hierarchical approach to the design of digital VLSI circuits and systems. Use of CAE tools for design and verification. Topics include: systems aspects of VLSI design, design methodologies, schematic capture, functional verification, timing simulation, use of a CMOS standard cell library and of a silicon compiler. The course includes a semester-long design project, with the design to be fabricated by a foundry. Two one-hour lectures and three hours of design laboratory per week. Prerequisite: ECE 138.

ECE 364. Introduction to Cryptography and Network Security

Introduction to cryptography, classical cipher systems, cryptanalysis, perfect secrecy and the one time pad, DES and AES, public key cryptography covering systems based on discrete logarithms, the RSA and the knapsack systems, and various applications of cryptography. May not be taken with ECE 464 for credit. Prerequisite: Junior or Senior standing.

ECE 371. Optical Information Processing (3)

Introduction to optical information processing and applications. Interference and diffraction of optical waves. 2D optical matched filters that use lenses for Fourier transforms. Methods and devices for modulating light beams for information processing, communications, and optical computing. Construction and application of holograms for optical memory and interconnections. Prerequisite: ECE 108, ECE 202. McAulay.

ECE 372. Optical Networks (3)

Study the design of optical fiber local, metropolitan, and wide area networks. Topics include: passive and active photonic components for optical switching, tuning, modulation and amplification; optical interconnection switches and buffering; hardware and software architectures for packet switching and wavelength division multiaccess systems. The class is supported with a laboratory. Prerequisite: ECE 81, ECE 202. McAulay.

ECE 387 (CHE 387, ME 387). Digital Control (3)

Sampled-data systems; z-transforms; pulse transfer functions; stability in the z-plane; root locus and frequency response design methods; minimal prototype design; digital control hardware; discrete state variables; state transition matrix; Liapunov stability; state feedback control. Prerequisite: CHE 386 or ECE 212 or ME 342 or consent of instructor.

ECE 389 (CHE 389, ME 389). Control Systems Laboratory (2)

Experiments on a variety of mechanical, electrical and chemical dynamic control systems. Exposure to state of the art control instrumentation: sensors, transmitters, control valves, analog and digital controllers. Emphasis on comparison of theoretical computer simulation predictions with actual experimental data. Lab teams will be interdisciplinary. Prerequisites: CHE 386, ME 343, ECE 212.

ECE 392. Independent Study (1-3)

An intensive study, with report of a topic in electrical and computer engineering which is not treated in other courses. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: Consent of instructor.

For Graduate Students

ECE 401 (CSE 401). Advanced Computer Architecture (3)

Design, analysis and performance of computer architectures; high-speed memory systems; cache design and analysis; modeling cache performance; principle of pipeline processing, performance of pipelined computers; scheduling and control of a pipeline; classification of parallel architectures; systolic and data flow architectures; multiprocessor performance; multiprocessor interconnections and cache coherence. Prerequisite: ECE 201 or equivalent.

ECE 402. Advanced Electromagnetics (3)

Maxwell’s equations for various media and boundary geometries. Electromagnetic wave propagation through anisotropic and nonlinear media. Guided waves, layered media and resonators. Radiation, antennas, strong and weak scattering. Scalar and vector diffraction, and periodic structures. Numerical solutions for boundary value problems. Prerequisites: ECE 202 and ECE 203.

ECE 404 (CSE 404). Computer Networks (3)

Study of architecture and protocols of computer networks. The ISO model; network topology; data-communication principles, including circuit switching, packet switching and error control techniques; sliding window protocols, protocol analysis and verification; routing and flow control; local area networks; network interconnection; topics in security and privacy.

ECE 407. Linear and Nonlinear Optics (3)

Diffraction theory, Gaussian beams. Optical resonators and waveguides. Crystal optics, second harmonic generation, parametric amplification. Third order nonlinearities and associated phenomena such as phase conjugation, optical bistability, self-focusing, optical switching, solutions, etc. Photorefractive effect. Brillouin and Raman scattering.

ECE 410. Digital Communication Systems (3)

Unified description of digital communication systems based on signal space concepts. Analysis of system performance in the presence of channel noise and bandwidth limitations. Comparison of many different types of digital-modulation techniques, combined with error correction, against theoretical limits. Both bandpass and baseband systems are considered. Optimum methods of detection are considered for all systems. Suboptimum techniques such as adaptive equalization are considered for baseband systems. Basic spread-spectrum concepts are introduced. Prerequisites: ECE 108 and either MATH 231 or MATH 309 or equivalents.

ECE 411. Information Theory (3)

Introduction to information theory. Topics covered include: development of information measures for discrete and continuous spaces study of discrete-stochastic information courses, derivation of noiseless coding theorems, investigation of discrete and continuous memoryless channels, development of noisy channel coding theorems.

ECE 412. Advanced Digital Signal Processing (3)

Design and analysis of signal processing algorithms, number theoretic foundations of algorithm design, bilinear algorithms, computational techniques for digital filtering and convolution, Fourier transform and its algorithms, number theoretic transforms and applications to digital filtering, general and special purpose signal processor designs, application specific techniques in signal processing. Prerequisite: ECE 343 or consent of the department chairman. Wagh

ECE 414. Signal Detection and Estimation (3)

Brief review of probability and random process theory. Hypothesis Testing as applied to signal detection. Various optimality criterion including Bayes and Neyman-Pearson and their applications in digital communications, radar, and sonar systems. Optimum and locally optimum detection schemes for Gaussian and non-Gaussian noise. Estimation of unknown signal parameters. Topics of current interest including, distributed signal detection, robust signal detections and quantization for detection as time permits. Prerequisites: ECE 108 and MATH 231 or MATH 309. Blum

ECE 415. Numerical Processors (3)

Design strategies for numerical processors, cellular array adders and multipliers, conditional sum and carry-save asynchronous processors, data recoding and Booth’s algorithms, use of alternate numerical bases, CORDIC trigonometric calculator, accumulator orientations, bit slice and bit-sequential processors, pipelining and parallel processing considerations. Prerequisite: ECE 201. Wagh

ECE 416. VLSI Signal Processing (3)

The fundamentals of performance-driven VLSI systems for signal processing. Analysis of signal processing algorithms and architectures in terms of VLSI implementation. VLSI design methodology. Includes a design project which requires use of a set of tools installed on SUN workstations for behavioral simulation, structural simulation, circuit simulation, layout, functional simulation, timing and critical path analysis, functional testing, and performance measurement. Prerequisite: ECE 361, ECE 343, or equivalent.

ECE 417. Pattern Recognition (3)

Decision-theoretic, structural, and neural network approaches to pattern recognition. Pattern vectors and feature extraction. Classifiers, decision regions, boundaries and discriminant functions. Clustering and data analysis. Statistical pattern recognition, parametric and nonparametric approaches. Syntactic pattern recognition. Introduction to neural networks, with examples of back propagation and self-organization algorithms. Prerequisites: MATH 205 and MATH 231, or equivalent.

ECE 420. Advanced Circuits and Systems (3)

Review of the fundamentals of Circuits and Systems theory, including the time and frequency domain response of linear time-invariant circuits. Equation formulation for general lumped circuits, including node voltage and loop current analysis. Basic graph theoretic properties of circuits including Tellegen’s Theorem. Discussion of passivity and reciprocity including multiport network properties. State space formulation and solution of general circuits (and systems). Modern filter concepts, including synthesis techniques for active filters and externally linear filters, such as Log Domain filters. Techniques for the analysis of weakly nonlinear systems, as time permits. Prerequisites: Graduate standing, ECE 125 or equivalent. Frey

ECE 423. Digital Image Processing (3)

Fundamentals of imaging acquisition and geometry. Fourier, Hadamard, Walsh and Wavelet Transforms and their usage in image segmentation and understanding. High-pass and low-pass filtering in frequency and spatial domains. Multiresolution analysis and spatial scale filtering. Shape and texture representation and recognition. Prerequisite: ECE 343 or equivalent.

ECE 425. Semiconductor Lasers I (3)

Review of elementary solid-state physics. Relationships between Fermi energy and carrier density and leakage. Introduction to optical waveguiding in simple doubleheterostructures. Density of optical modes, Blackbody radiation and the spontaneous emission factor. Modal gain, modal loss, and confinement factors. Einstein’s approach to gain and spontaneous emission. Periodic structures and the transmission matrix. Ingredients. A phenomenological approach to diode lasers. Mirrors and resonators for diode lasers. Gain and current relations. This course, a version of ECE 325 for graduate students, requires research projects and advanced assignments. Credit will not be given for both ECE 325 and ECE 425. Prerequisite: ECE 203.

ECE 426. Semiconductor Lasers II (3)

Continuation of Semiconductor Lasers I. Topics covered include: Gain and current relations; dynamic effects; perturbation and coupled-mode theory; dielectric waveguides; and photonic integrated circuits. This course, a version of ECE326 for graduate students, requires research projects and advanced assignments. Credit will not be given for both ECE 326 and ECE 426.

ECE 431. Topics in Switching Theory (3)

Emphasis on structural concepts motivated by recent advances in integrated circuit technology. Major topics include: logical completeness, decomposition techniques, synthesis with assumed network forms, systolic architectures, systolic lemma and its applications, bit serial architectures. Prerequisite: ECE 320 or equivalent. Wagh

ECE 432. Spread Spectrum and CDMA (3)

Fading and dispersive channel model, direct sequence spread spectrum, frequency hopping spread spectrum, DS-CDMA, FH-CDMA, spread sequences and their properties, multi-user detection, PN code acquisition, wireless communication systems, industrial standards (IS-95, WCDMA, CDMA2000). Prerequisite: ECE341 or ECE342 or ECE410 or consent of instructor.

ECE 433 (CHE 433, ME 433). State Space Control (3)

State-space methods of feedback control system design and design optimization for invariant and time-varying deterministic, continuous systems; pole positioning, observability, controllability, modal control, observer design, the theory of optimal processes and Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle, the linear quadratic optimal regulator problem, Lyapunov functions and stability theorems, linear optimal open loop control; introduction to the calculus of variations; introduction to the control of distributed parameter systems. Intended for engineers with a variety of backgrounds. Examples will be drawn from mechanical electrical and chemical engineering applications. Prerequisite: ME 343 or ECE 212 or CHE 386 or consent of instructor.

ECE 434 (CHE 434, ME 434). Multivariable Process Control (3)

A state-of-the-art review of multivariable methods of interest to process control applications. Design techniques examined include loop interaction analysis, frequency domain methods (Inverse Nyquist Array, Characteristic Loci and Singular Value Decomposition) feed forward control, internal model control and dynamic matrix control. Special attention is placed on the interaction of process design and process control. Most of the above methods are used to compare the relative performance of intensive and extensive variable control structures. Prerequisite: CHE 433 or ME 433 or ECE 433 or consent of instructor.

ECE 435. Error-Correcting Codes (3)

Error-correcting codes for digital computer and communication systems. Review of modern algebra concentrating on groups and finite fields. Structure and properties of linear and cyclic codes for random or burst error correction covering Hamming, Golay, Reed-Muller, BCH and Reed-Solomon codes. Decoding algorithms and implementation of decoders. Prerequisite: CSE 261 or equivalent.

ECE 436 (CHE 436, ME 436). Systems Identification (3)

The determination of model parameters from time-history and frequency response data by graphical, deterministic and stochastic methods. Examples and exercises taken from process industries, communications and aerospace testing. Regression, quasilinearization and invariant-imbedding techniques for nonlinear system parameter identification included. Prerequisite: CHE 433 or ME 433 or ECE 433 or consent of instructor.

ECE 437 (CHE 437, ME 437). Stochastic Control (3)

Linear and nonlinear models for stochastic systems. Controllability and observability. Minimum variance state estimation. Linear quadratic Gaussian control problem. Computational considerations. Nonlinear control problem in stochastic systems. Prerequisite: CHE 433 or ME 433 or ECE 433 or consent of instructor.

ECE 438. Quantum Electronics (3)

Electromagnetic fields and their quantization. propagation of optical beams in homogeneous and lens-like media. Modulation of optical radiation. Coherent interactions of radiation fields and atomic systems. Introduction to nonlinear optics-second-harmonic generation. Parametric amplification, oscillation, and fluorescence. Third-order optical nonlinearities. This course, a version of ECE 338 for graduate students, requires research projects and advanced assignments. Credit will not be given for both ECE 338 and ECE 438. Prerequisite: ECE 203.

ECE 441. Fundamentals of Wireless Communications (3)

Characterization of mobile radio channels. Wireless information transmission: modulation/demodulation, equalization, diversity combining, coding/decoding, multiple access methods. Overview of cellular concepts and wireless networking. This course, a version of ECE341 for graduate students, requires research projects and advanced assignments. Credit will not be given for both ECE 341 and ECE 441. Prerequisite: ECE 342 or equiv.

ECE 443. RF Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications (3)

Review of linear power amplifier design. Discussion of major nonlinear effects, such as high-efficiency amplifiers modes, matching network design for reduced conduction angle, overdrive and limiting effects, and switching mode amplifiers. Discussion of other nonlinear effects, efficiency enhancement and linearization techniques. Companion course to ECE463. Prerequisite: ECE 346 or equivalent.

ECE 447. Introduction to Integrated Optics (3)

Theory of dielectric waveguides (ray and wave approach). Modes in planar slab optical guides and in waveguides with graded index profiles. Coupled-mode formalism and periodic structures. Coupling of optical beams to planar structures. Switching and modulation of light in dielectric guides: phase, frequency and polarization modulators; electro-optic, acousto-optic and magneto-optic modulators. Semiconductor lasers. Fabrication of semiconductor components. Recent advances. The course is an extension of ECE 347 for graduate students and it will include research projects and advanced assignments. Prerequisites: ECE 202 and ECE 203.

ECE 448. Lightwave Technology (3)

Overview of optical fiber communications. Optical fibers, structures and waveguiding fundamentals. Signal degradation in fibers arising from attenuation, intramodal and intermodal dispersion. Optical sources, semiconductor lasers and LEDs. Rate equations and frequency characteristics of a semiconductor laser. Coupling efficiency of laser diodes and LEDs to single-mode and multimode fibers. PIN and avalanche photodetectors. Optical receiver design. Transmission link analysis. The course is an extension of ECE 348 for graduate students and it will include research projects and advanced assignments. Prerequisite: ECE 203.

ECE 450. Special Topics (3)

Selected topics in electrical and computer engineering not covered in other courses. May be repeated for credit.

ECE 451. Physics of Semiconductor Devices (3)

Crystal structure and space lattices, crystal binding, lattice waves and vibrations, electrons and atoms in crystal lattices. Quantum mechanics and energy band theory, carrier statistics, Boltzmann transport theory, interaction of carriers with scattering centers, electronic and thermal conduction. Magnetic effects. Generation and recombination theory. Application to p-n junctions. Prerequisite: ECE 126 or equivalent. Decker, Hatalis

ECE 452. Advanced Semiconductor Diode and Transport Theory (3)

Properties of metal-semiconductor contacts, Schottky barriers, ohmic contacts, hot electrons, intervalley scattering, velocity saturation, secondary ionization, avalanche breakdown. Applications to microwave devices such as avalanche and Gunn diodes, Schottky barrier diodes, tunnel diodes and PIN diodes. Prerequisite: ECE 451.

ECE 454. Turbo Codes and Iterative Decoding (3)

Capacity-approaching error correcting codes. Soft-in soft-out iterative decoding. Parallel/serial/hybrid concatenated convolutional codes—and turbo-like codes. Iterative decoding algorithms and performance analysis of parallel/serial turbo codes. Low density parity check (LDPC) codes and product codes. Code graph and message passing decoding algorithms. Turbo and LDPC code design and construction. Performance analysis using density evolution and extrinsic information transfer charts. Applications of turbo and LDPC codes. Prerequisite: ECE 435 or instructor’s approval

ECE 455. Theory of Metal Semiconductor and Heterojunction Transistors (3)

Physics of metal semiconductor and heterojunction field effect transistors (MESFET and HEMT). Theory of semiconductor heterojunctions. Properties of heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT): Equivalent circuits, applications to microwave amplifiers, oscillators, and switching circuits. Prerequisite: ECE 451.

ECE 460. Engineering Project (3-6)

Project work in an area of student and faculty interest. Selection and direction of the project may involve interaction with industry. Prerequisite: consent of department chairperson.

ECE 461. Theory of Electrical Noise (3)

Definitions: noise temperature, spectral density. Noise sources: quantum, thermal, shot, generation-recombination, flicker noise. Representation and optimization of noisy networks. Prerequisites: Phys 31 and ECE 126.

ECE 463. Design of Microwave Solid State Circuits (3)

Equivalent circuit modeling and characterization of microwave semiconductor devices, principles of impedance matching, noise properties and circuit interaction, introduction to the design of high power and non-linear circuits.

ECE 464. Introduction to Cryptography and Network Security (3)

Introduction to cryptography, classical cipher systems, cryptanalysis, perfect secrecy and the one time pad, DES and AES, public key cryptography covering systems based on discrete logarithms, the RSA and the knapsack systems, and various applications of cryptography. This graduate version of ECE 364 requires additional work. May not be taken with ECE 364 for credit. Prerequisite: Graduate student status.

ECE 465. VLSI Implementation of Error Control Coding (3)

Error control coding, finite field arithmetic, encoding and decoding of BCH and Reed-Solomon codes, efficient iterative decoders for convolutional and Turbo codes, message passing and high performance decoders for low-density parity-check codes. Prerequisite: ECE 435

ECE 467. Semiconductor Material and Device Characterization (3)

This course covers the main characterization techniques used in semiconductor industry. Emphasis is given to the electrical characterization methods although some optical, and physical analytical techniques are reviewed. The principles and the experimental set up for measuring the following parameters are covered: resistivity; carrier and doping concentration; contact resistance and Schottky barrier height; device series resistance; MOSFET’s channel length and threshold voltage; carrier mobility; oxide and interface trapped charge; and carrier lifetime. Laboratory sessions provide hands-on experience on some of the above methods. Prerequisites: ECE 126 and ECE 308, or equivalent. Hatalis

ECE 469. Process Modeling for Semiconductor Devices (3)

Students will design and “manufacture” a Si or GaAs transistor through process simulation of ion implantation, epitaxial growth, diffusion and contact formation, etc. I-V characteristics and small signal parameters, suitable for digital and microwave circuit simulation programs, will be derived. Complimentary to ECE 463 and 471. Prerequisite: ECE 308 or 351. Hwang

ECE 471. Optical Information Processing (3)

Introduction to optical information processing and applications. Interference and diffraction of optical waves. 2D optical matched filters that use lenses for Fourier transforms. Methods and devices for modulating light beams for information processing, communications, and optical computing. Construction and application of holograms for optical memory and interconnections. The course is an extension of ECE 371 for graduate students and it will include research projects and advanced assignments. Prerequisite: ECE 108.

ECE 472. Optical Networks (3)

Study the design of optical fiber local, metropolitan, and wide area networks. Topics include: passive and active photonic components for optical switching, tuning, modulation and amplification; optical interconnection switches and buffering; hardware and software architectures for packet switching and wavelength division multiaccess systems. This class is supported with a laboratory. The course is an extension of ECE 372 for graduate students and it will include research projects and advanced assignments. Prerequisite: ECE 81.

ECE 474. Analog CMOS VLSI Design (3)

The fundamentals of analog circuit design with CMOS linear IC techniques. Discrete Analog Signal Processing (DASP) is accomplished with switched-capacitor CMOS circuits. Analog building blocks include operational amplifiers, S/H circuits, comparators and voltage references, oscillators, filters, modulators, phase detectors/shifters, charge transfer devices, etc. Analog sub-system applications are phase-locked loops (PLL’s), A/D and D/A converters, modems, sensors, adaptive filters and equalizers, etc. The emphasis is on the physical operation of analog CMOS integration circuits and the design process. Prerequisite: ECE 355 or equivalent.

ECE 476. Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits (3)

Device and circuit models of bipolar and field effect transistors; bipolar and MOS integrated circuit technology; passive components; parasitic and distributed elements; amplifier gain stages; subthreshold gain stages; current sources and active loads; temperature and supply independent biasing; output stage design; frequency response and slew rate limitation; operational amplifier and analog multiplier design. Circuit simulation using SPICE. Prerequisite: ECE 308 or equivalent.

ECE 478. Analysis and Design of Digital Integrated Circuits (3)

Large signal models and transient behavior of MOS and bipolar transistors. Basic inverter and logic gate circuits. Noise margins, operating speed, and power consumption of various logic families, including MOS, CMOS, saturated logic TTL, ECL, and IIL. Regenerative logic circuits and digital memories. Circuit design and computer- aided circuit analysis for LSI and VLSI circuits. Prerequisite: ECE 308 or equivalent.

ECE 479. Advanced MOS VLSI Design (3)

The design of very large scale NMOS and CMOS integrated circuits. Strong emphasis on device physics, and on novel circuit design approaches for VLSI implementation. Examination of second-order effects involved in designing high performance MOS digital integrated circuits, with the goal of pushing the design process to the limits determined by our current understanding of semiconductor device physics and of the currently available technologies. The topics include device physics (subthreshold conduction, short channel effects), important circuit innovations (substrate bias generators, sense amplifiers), systems aspects (clocking, timing, array structures), as well as static and dynamic circuit implementations. Design project, using VLSI design automation tools. Prerequisites: ECE 308 (or equivalent) and ECE 361.

ECE 483. Advanced Semiconductor Devices for VLSI Circuits (3)

Theory of small geometry devices for VLSI circuits. Emphasis of MOS bipolar device static and dynamic electrical characteristics. Carrier injection, transport, storage, and detection in bulk and interfacial regions. Limitations of physical scaling theory for VLSI submicron device structures. MOS physics and technology, test pattern device structures, charge-coupled devices, MNOS nonvolatile memory devices, and measurement techniques for device and process characterization. The influence of defects on device electrical properties. Prerequisite: ECE 451.

ECE 485. Heterojunction Materials and Devices (3)

Material properties of compound semiconductor heterojunctions, quantum wells and superlattices. Strained layer epitaxy and band-gap engineering. Theory and performance of novel devices such as quantum well lasers, resonant tunneling diodes, high electron mobility transistors, and heterojunction bipolar transistors. Complementary to ECE 452. Prerequisite: ECE 451. Hwang

ECE 486. Integrated Solid-State Sensors (3)

The physical operation of sensor-based, custom integrated circuits. Emphasis on the integration of sensors, analog, and digital circuits on a silicon chip with CMOS technology. Sensors include photocells, electrochemical transducers, strain gauges, temperature detectors, vibration and velocity sensors, etc. Analysis of sensor-circuit performance limits including signal-to-noise, frequency response, temperature sensitivity, etc. Examples of sensor- based, custom I.C.’s are discussed and analyzed with CAD modeling and layout. Prerequisite: ECE 451.

ECE 491. Research Seminar (1-3)

Regular meetings focused on specific topics related to the research interests of department faculty. Current research will be discussed. Students may be required to present and review relevant publications. May be repeated for credit up to a maximum of three (3) credits. Prerequisite: Consent of instructor.

ECE 492. Independent Study (1-3)

An intensive study, with report, of a topic in electrical and computer engineering which is not treated in other courses. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: Consent of instructor.

ECE 493. Solid-State Electronics Seminar (3)

Discussion of current topics in solid-state electronics. Topics selected depend upon the interests of the staff and students and are allied to the research programs of the Sherman Fairchild Laboratory for Solid State Studies. Student participation via presentation of current research papers and experimental work. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit.

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