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Earth and Environmental Sciences

Professors. David J. Anastasio, Ph.D. (Johns Hopkins); Gray E. Bebout, Ph.D. (U.C., Los Angeles); Edward B. Evenson, Ph.D. (Michigan); Kenneth P. Kodama, Ph.D. (Stanford); Anne S. Meltzer, Ph.D. (Rice); Frank J. Pazzaglia, Ph.D. (Penn State); Dork L. Sahagian, Ph.D. (Chicago); Peter K. Zeitler, Ph.D. (Dartmouth).

Associate Professors. Robert K. Booth, Ph.D. (Wyoming); Bruce R. Hargreaves, Ph.D. (U.C., Berkeley); Donald P. Morris, Ph.D. (Colorado); Stephen C. Peters, Ph.D. (Michigan); Joan M. Ramage, Ph.D. (Cornell); Zicheng Yu, Ph.D. (Toronto).

Assistant Professor. Benjamin S. Felzer, Ph.D. (Brown).

Research Scientists. Claudio Berti, Ph.D. (Chieti, Italy); Kim Genareau, Ph.D. (Arizona State); Bruce D. Idleman, Ph.D. (SUNY, Albany); Alex W. Ireland, Ph.D. (Lehigh); Xiaolei Wang, Ph.D. (Tohoku, Japan).

Emeritus Professors. Paul B. Myers, Jr., Ph.D. (Lehigh); Dale R. Simpson, Ph.D. (Caltech); Bobb Carson, Ph.D. (Washington).

The Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (EES) is Lehigh’s home for teaching and research in the areas of ecology, environmental science, and geological sciences. Matters of environmental quality and natural resources will increasingly impact people and society in the years to come, and the EES department offers a range of undergraduate and graduate programs that provide students with an understanding of Earth’s biosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere, with an emphasis on how these components function as an integrated Earth system. Training in Earth and Environmental Sciences can lead to technical and scientific careers in research, environmental consulting, conservation ecology, government agencies, and the petroleum industry, and can also serve as an excellent liberal arts degree that provides context and preparation for careers such as law, policy, journalism and economics.

Faculty in the EES department have a wide range of interests and strong reputations in the fields of geology, ecology, and environmental sciences. In instruction at all levels, the department emphasizes field experiences, laboratory techniques, and experiential learning, as well as the development of quantitative and communication skills. The EES department maintains a relaxed and personal atmosphere in which students can interact with faculty in many ways, including seminars, special symposia on topics of the students’ choice, field research, and departmental field trips.

EES is a core department in the Environmental Initiative Program (EI), which offers students access to interdisciplinary training in Environmental Science, Engineering, and Policy.

At the undergraduate level, students may choose from a B.A. or a B.S. degree in Earth and Environmental Sciences. The flexible B.A. program provides students an opportunity to acquire breadth, design a specialized program, or find room for a double major. A popular choice is a double major in Earth and Environmental Sciences and in Environmental Studies, a major offered through the Environmental Initiative (http://www.ei.lehigh.edu). This degree is well suited to students with career aspirations in areas such as engineering, environmental law, journalism, economics, government, among many other possibilities. The B.S. degree, while still offering considerable flexibility, provides the more in-depth technical training required for graduate school and scientific careers, and is well suited for students seeking science graduate degrees or employment as professionals in the earth and environmental sciences.

An accessible minor program is available for students wishing to add Earth and Environmental Science insight into any number of other technical or non-technical degree programs, helping students distinguish themselves as they prepare to enter today’s fast-evolving job markets and graduate programs. The department also offers a five-year program that combines a B.A. or B.S. degree with an M.S. degree in Earth and Environmental Sciences.

For students with strong interests in areas such as hydrology, water and soil remediation, hazards and associated geotechnical strategies, EES, in conjunction with the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE), offers a five-year program leading to dual B.S. degrees in EES and CEE (students having these interests may also want to see the description of the B.S. in Environmental Engineering in the catalog entry for the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering).

EES offers graduate training leading to either M.S. or Ph.D. in Earth and Environmental Sciences. The EES graduate program is marked by close faculty-student collaboration. Graduate students can take advantage of strong externally funded faculty research programs and the extensive analytical and computing facilities available in the department; these facilities and specific EES research programs are described in some detail on the EES departmental web page at www.ees.lehigh.edu.

Field Work and Experiential Learning

Field experiences are a hallmark of the EES undergraduate program. The goal of these experiences is to place students into learning environments that are distinct from the classroom or lab, where all the complexities and subtleties of the field can be appreciated in their natural setting. The Department runs a nationally recognized ~5week long (6credit) summer field camp in the Rocky Mountains, which offers intense field training in hydrology, ecology, geology, and field methods including computer-based mapping. As part of the Lehigh in Costa Rica Program, the Department teaches a field course in Costa Rica every winter term that focuses on tropical ecology and natural history. Students can participate in the department’s longstanding research programs in limnological and ecological research in the Pocono Lakes region and in the Lehigh River watershed. Supervised internships allow students at all levels to become engaged in projects involving cross-disciplinary research, assessment, and consulting work. Undergraduate students can also become involved in forefront research programs. In recent years, students have played a role in research in the Himalaya, Alaska, California, Idaho, Argentina, and Italy, in addition to more nearby sites in the mid-Atlantic states. We strongly encourage all EES majors to take advantage of the special field programs and opportunities made available by the department. Most EES courses also include field experiences in the form of one-day or weekend-long field trips, and several courses include weekly or bi-weekly field trips.

Programs in Earth and Environmental Sciences

The descriptions of the following programs in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences are organized as follows:

Minor in Earth and Environmental Sciences

Bachelor of Arts Degree in Earth and Environmental Sciences

Bachelor of Sciences Degree in Earth and Environmental Sciences

Combined B.A. or B.S. and M.S. Program in Earth and Environmental Sciences

Department Honors in Earth and Environmental Sciences

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth and Environmental Sciences (Dual B.S. Degrees Program)

Graduate Studies

Requirements for a Minor in Earth and Environmental Sciences

A minor is designed for students wishing to explore an area of Earth or Environmental Sciences in conjunction with a major program in another field for personal development or career enhancement.

The Earth and Environmental Sciences minor program consists of 1-credit integrated introductory laboratory EES 22 (Exploring Earth), plus other EES courses to bring the total earned in EES to a minimum of 15 credits. At least 8 of the 15 credits must be satisfied by taking EES courses at the 100 or higher levels. Natural science (NS) designated EES College seminars (EES 90) may be used to meet minor requirements.

Degree Requirements for a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Earth and Environmental Sciences

The B.A. degree is designed with flexibility in mind and is recommended for students interested in a sound liberal arts degree that will permit them to bring a scientific perspective to a wide variety of careers. The degree also permits students to take a double major, or design a specialized program tailored to specific topics in the earth and environmental sciences. Students who choose the B.A. but are interested in attending graduate school should talk to their faculty advisor and consult the B.S. program descriptions to see the type of requirements that may be required for graduate admission.

University and College Requirements (at least 25 credits)

College Seminar (3)

English Composition (2 courses for 6 credits)

Distribution requirements (at least 2 humanities courses for at least 8 credits, and at least 2 social science courses for at least 8 credits)

Junior Writing Requirement:

The ability to express oneself clearly in writing is a critical skill for success in any chosen career. It is also integral to the learning experience. Students are encouraged to take courses that help develop written skills in their major. To help ensure this, the College of Arts and Sciences requires each student to complete at least one writing intensive course and receive certification from the instructor of that course. EES 200 (Earth History) is the designated writing intensive course in EES and fulfills the junior writing requirement. Students may also fulfill this requirement by taking writing intensive courses in other departments (although this is not encouraged).

MATH and Collateral Science Requirements (at least 8 credits)

• 1 semester of math equivalent to MATH 12 or above for at least 4 credits.
• 1 additional course from Chemistry, Mathematics, or Physics, approved by advisor, for at least 4 credits. Courses cross-listed in EES (e.g., ASTR 105, PHY 105) do not fulfill this requirement.

Students interested in scientific careers or pursuing graduate education in the sciences are recommended to take at least two additional math and collateral science courses chosen in consultation with an advisor.

Required courses for the major (at least 32 credits)

• Gateway Sequence (at least 4 credits):
  • Any introductory course in EES (except EES 4 and EES 22)
  • Integrated introductory laboratory course (EES 22 – Exploring Earth)
• Core sequence in EES major (12 credits):
• EES 100 – Earth Systems Science
• EES 200 – Earth History
• EES 380 – Senior Seminar in EES
• Writing-Intensive Requirement:
  • Completion of a designated writing-intensive during the Junior year, preferably within EES (one designated 200-level course will be offered each semester)
• Major electives (at least 4 courses for at least 16 credits):
  • Select from EES or cross-listed offerings at the 100 through 300 levels
  • Up to 8 credits of EES internship (EES 93, 293) and EES research (EES 393) may be used as major electives (no more than 4 of which can be EES 93/293).

Free electives

Courses chosen from anywhere in the University’s curriculum, sufficient credits to bring the total to a minimum of 120 credits.

Degree Requirements for Bachelor of Sciences Degree in Earth and Environmental Sciences

University and College Requirements (at least 25 credits)

College Seminar (3)

English Composition (2 courses for 6 credits)

Distribution requirements (at least 2 humanities courses for at least 8 credits and at least 2 social science courses for at least 8 credits).

Junior Writing Requirement:

The ability to express oneself clearly in writing is a critical skill for success in any chosen career. It is also integral to the learning experience. Students are encouraged to take courses that help develop written skills in their major. To help ensure this, the College of Arts and Sciences requires each student to complete at least one writing intensive course and receive certification from the instructor of that course. EES 200 (Earth History) is the designated writing intensive course in EES and fulfills the junior writing requirement. Students may also fulfill this requirement by taking writing intensive courses in other departments (although this is not encouraged).

MATH and Collateral Science Requirements (at least 21 credits)

• Two courses in Mathematics for at least 7 credits (one must be a course in Calculus)
• One specified course and lab in Chemistry: CHM 30 or CHM 40 (4 credits)
• One specified course and lab in Physics (PHY 10 or 11 and PHY 12) (4 credits)
• To bring total collateral credits to a minimum of 21, at least two additional courses in Biology (BIOS 41 or above), Chemistry (CHM 31 or above), or Physics (PHY 13 or above). Courses cross-listed in EES (e.g., ASTR 105, PHY 105) do not fulfill this requirement.

Required courses for the major (at least 48 credits)

• Gateway Sequence (at least 4 credits):
  • Any introductory course in EES (except EES 4 and EES 22, but including EES 105)
  • Integrated introductory laboratory course (EES 22 – Exploring Earth)
• Core sequence in EES major (12 credits):
  • EES 100 – Earth Systems Science
  • EES 200 – Earth History
  • EES 380 – Senior Seminar in EES
• Fulfill the field requirement through one of the following:
• Successful completion of EES 341 or EES 42. Four credits of EES 341 may be applied to major electives; all 6 credits for this course apply to the graduation requirement of 120 total credits.
• A field experience approved by the student’s advisor.
• Successful completion of five of the six following EES courses: EES 89, EES 115, EES 152, EES 250, EES 223, EES 316.
• Writing-Intensive Requirement:
  • Completion of a designated writing-intensive during the Junior year, preferably within EES (one designated 200-level course will be offered each semester)
• Major electives (at least 8 courses for at least 32 credits):
  • Select from EES or cross-listed offerings at the 100 through 300 levels
  • At least four of the courses must be at the 300 level
  • Up to 8 credits of EES internship (EES 93, 293) and EES research (EES 393) may be used as major electives (no more than 4 of which can be EES 93/293).

Free Electives:

Courses chosen from anywhere in the University’s curriculum, sufficient credits to bring the total to a minimum of 120.

Combined B.A. or B.S. and M.S. Program in Earth and Environmental Sciences

The Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences offers a five-year combined B.A. or B.S. and M.S. program. The department offers an M.S. degree in Earth and Environmental Sciences (refer to the description of Graduate Programs in EES following the listing of undergraduate course descriptions). Students working toward the BA or B.S. degrees who are enrolled in this program complete the full requirements for either degree and apply some 300- and 400-level course credits taken as an undergraduate towards the M.S. degree without additional undergraduate tuition cost. The program is designed for those students who (1) will have at least nine credits of appropriate M.S. course credits in excess of undergraduate requirements completed by the end of the senior year, including one EES graduate core course (EES 411, 415, 426, or 484), (2) have completed a minimum of three credits of EES 393 (Supervised Research) as part of the baccalaureate program, and (3) have demonstrated superior academic achievement.

Application for admission to the program should be made no later than the beginning of the first semester of the senior year and must be approved by the department’s Graduate Instruction Committee. The application must include (1) a current baccalaureate degree audit, (2) the proposed M.S. course program, and (3) a letter of recommendation from the proposed M.S. thesis adviser. Students enrolled in this program should make application for admission to full-time graduate status during the first semester of the senior year.

After receiving the bachelor’s degree and becoming enrolled in the graduate program students in the dual-degree program become eligible for financial aid including appointment to a teaching or research assistantship or graduate fellowship. Admission to the program does not guarantee financial aid.

Department Honors in Earth and Environmental Sciences

Students in either the B.A. or B.S. degree programs may undertake a program that leads to graduation with department honors. To participate, the student must (1) have a minimum major GPA of 3.25 and an overall cumulative GPA of 3.0 expected at graduation, (2) complete at least four credits of EES 393 (Supervised Research in Earth and Environmental Sciences), and (3) prepare a written honors thesis on the EES 393 research project. To graduate with honors students should (1) file a written request with the EES undergraduate instruction coordinator no later than the beginning of the senior year (preferably during the junior year), (2) constitute an advisory committee of two EES faculty plus the student’s research supervisor to guide the research, (3) prepare a research proposal for committee’s approval, and (4) give an oral presentation of research results and conclusions at a department seminar on or before the last day of classes in the second semester of the senior year. The committee should approve the research proposal and the honors thesis by signing the required form and cover sheet, which will be filed with the Department.

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth and Environmental Sciences

This program is designed for students interested in combining programs in two departments: Civil & Environmental Engineering and Earth & Environmental Sciences, leading to two bachelor of science degrees, a civil and environmental engineering B.S. degree and a B.S. degree in earth and environmental sciences. Both degrees would be awarded at the end of the fifth year. This program is one of the dual degree programs mentioned in the Five-Year Programs section. The student will have a primary advisor in the P.C. Rossin College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and a secondary advisor in the College of Arts and Sciences. The program provides alternatives for students who may decide not to complete the dual-degree program. Students who make this decision prior to the beginning of the fourth year may qualify at the end of that year for the bachelor of science in civil or environmental engineering, as well as a minor in earth and environmental sciences. Also, if a student decides after two years to pursue only a B.S. degree in the EES department, it is possible to complete the requirements in four years. If the decision to work toward this degree is made during the fourth year, at least one additional semester is required to qualify for either B.S. degree. Interested students should consult with the respective departmental advisors to create a schedule of courses to resolve conflicts or if a specified course is not offered that semester. Required courses and major electives for the EES B.S. degree are listed in the catalog entry for EES. Crosslisted EES/CEE courses used to satisfy Civil Engineering Approved Electives can reduce the individual semester and total program credits when chosen to satisfy EES program requirements. Additional useful information can be found on the web sites (www.lehigh.edu/~incee/ and www.ees.lehigh.edu).

Suggested outline of courses for Dual B.S. in CEE & EES

The freshman engineering year (see Section III) is often 29 credits. The H/SS Advanced Requirement of 13 credits is shown below as two 3-credit courses and one 4-credit course. Other options are possible.

second year, first semester (18 credit hours)

second year, second semester (18 credit hours)

third year, first semester (17 credit hours)

third year, second semester (18 credit hours)

fourth year, first semester (18 credit hours)

fourth year, second semester (16 credit hours)

Engineering Course *Engineering Science Elective (3)

year 4/5 summer (0-6 credit hours)

Optional 1 field course

fifth year, first semester (15-19 credit hours)

Select 1, or 2 courses from below so the total here and year 4/5 summer is at least 8 credits:

fifth year, second semester (18 credit hours)

EES Course (4) 100 to 300 level elective, possibly EES 380 Senior Seminar in EES

*MECH 102, ME 104, or ECE 81.

**CHEM 31 plus thirteen additional credits of CEE Approved Electives are required; see list on CEE web-site that includes five CEE/EES cross-listed courses: CEE 279 (EES 358), CEE 316 (EES 316), CEE 320 (EES 320), CEE 323 (EES 323), CEE 327 (EES 327), and CEE 379 (EES 379).

***Usually CEE 290, but can be a multidisciplinary teaming version of CEE 205, CEE 377

In addition to EES 100, EES 200, and EES 380, 8 additional EES courses, at least 4 at the 300-level are required for the BS EES degree, including a Field requirement and Writing-Intensive requirement. Please see elsewhere in the catalog for details.

A total of 159 to 174 credit hours is needed for both degrees depending on how many credits in the EES are satisfied by taking CEE Approved Electives that are cross-listed with EES courses**.

Undergraduate Courses

EES 002 (ES 002, GCP 002). Introduction to Environmental Science (3)

Focuses on natural and human-induced drivers and consequences of environmental change. Exploring options for mitigating and adapting to environmental change in ecosystems, physical and social systems, we will examine such topics as biogeochemical cycles, population pressure, ecosystem diversity, productivity and food security, energy, water resources, climate change, pollution, ozone, urban issues and sustainability. Stresses interactions and interrelationships, using a series of case studies. Intended for any student with an interest in the environment. May be combined with EES 022 or EES 004 for 4 credits. Prerequisites: none. (NS)

EES 004. The Science of Environmental Issues (1)

Analysis of current environmental issues from a scientific perspective. The focus on the course will be weekly discussions based on assigned readings. Pre- or co-requisite: 3-credit introductory-level (000-level) course in EES (or the cross-listed EES 105/ASTR 105/PHY 105). Staff. (NS)

EES 11. Environmental Geology (3)

Analysis of the dynamic interaction of geologic processes and human activities. Catastrophic geologic processes (earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides), pollution of geologic systems, and engineering case studies. May be combined with EES 022 or EES 004 for 4 credits. Prerequisites: none. Evenson (NS)

EES 012. Glaciers and Glaciation (3)

An investigation of how cold climates and the associated processes of glaciation and periglacial activity have left their imprint on the Earth. May be combined with EES 022 or EES 004 for 4 credits. Prerequisites: none. Evenson. (NS)

EES 014. Lands of the Midnight Sun (3)

Investigations of polar exploration and science, the environment at high latitudes, and cultures of the Arctic, as well as discussion of issues related to understanding interactions among extreme environments, global change, pollution, and indigenous cultures. Lecture, discussion, classroom activities. May be combined with EES 022 or EES 004 for 4 credits. Prerequisites: none. Ramage. (NS)

EES 015. Volcanoes and the Ring of Fire (3)

Volcanoes are a tangible, often breathtaking, reminder of the inner workings of our restless planet. In this course, we consider the processes leading to volcanic eruptions, the significance of volcanism for long-term Earth evolution, and the hazards volcanoes create for humans, particularly those living in the circum-Pacific (the Ring of Fire). May be combined with EES 022 or EES 004 for 4 credits. Prerequisites: none. Bebout. (NS)

EES 016. Geology of War (3)

Introduction to Earth and Environmental Sciences through a study of the geologic underpinnings of human conflict, the geologic influences over the outcomes of great battles, and the long-term environmental impacts of war. Instructional format includes lectures, discussions, student projects, and a field trip to Gettysburg National Military Park. May be combined with EES 022 or EES 004 for 4 credits. Prerequisites: none. Pazzaglia. (NS)

EES 021. Introduction to Planet Earth (3)

Processes within the Earth and dynamic interactions between the solid earth, the atmosphere, and the oceans. Lectures. Prerequisites: none. Anastasio, Kodama. (NS)

EES 022. Exploring Earth (1)

Laboratory course in methods, data acquisition, data analyses and scientific communication relevant to Earth and Environmental Sciences. Case study of anthropogenic change in the Lehigh River watershed. Required fieldtrips. Pre- or co-requisite: 3-credit introductory-level (000-level) course in EES (or the cross-listed EES 105/ASTR 105/PHY 105). Anastasio, Yu. (NS)

EES 023. Weather and Climate: Past, Present, and Future (3)

Introduction to the basic principles of meteorology, as they pertain to past, present, and future climates. Earth’s energy balance; cloud formation and precipitation; winds and atmospheric circulation; regional climatologies; past warm periods and ice ages in Earth’s history; the latest ideas about future climate change and global warming. Students will maintain a weather notebook to enable them to relate theory to observations from real weather data. Prerequisites: none. May be combined with EES 022 or EES 004 for 4 credits. Felzer (NS)

EES 024. Climate Change (3)

Examination and discussion of Earth’s climate history and the multiple interactions among components of the climate system, including ice, water, air, land, and vegetation; review of the causes of climate change at various time scales. Assessment of historical and future climate change and the role of humans in causing climate change, including global warming. May be combined with EES 022 or EES 004 for 4 credits. Prerequisites: none. Yu. (NS)

EES 025. The Environment and Living Systems (3)

The course will provide an introduction to the role of the environment in regulating living systems at a variety of scales and levels of organization. The role of the environment in regulating and shaping populations, communities, and ecosystems will be explored. In addition, the role of the environment will be discussed as it relates to the origin, evolution, and diversity of life on earth. Whenever possible, the role of anthropogenic environmental change will be discussed as it relates to the above topics. May be combined with EES 022 or EES 004 for 4 credits. Prerequisites: none. Morris. (NS)

EES 026 (GCP 026). Energy – Origins, Impacts, and Options (3)

Critical assessment of current and predicted energy resources used by humans, including their origins, distribution, environmental impacts, and feasibility. Lectures, discussion, field trips. May be combined with EES 022 or EES 004 for 4 credits. Prerequisites: none. Zeitler. (NS)

EES 027 (GCP 027). Natural Hazards: Impacts and Consequences (3)

Earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis, floods, and hurricanes are a natural part of the Earth and our environment. These events have violent consequences for our lives and significant economic implications. This course examines the causes, predictability, and risk mitigation for these events. We will also consider how natural disasters are represented by popular media and whether this helps or hurts public understanding of our dynamic planet and our relationship to it. May be combined with EES 022 or EES 004 for 4 credits. Prerequisites: none. Meltzer. (NS)

EES 028. Conservation and Biodiversity (3)

An introduction to the science of conservation biology. We examine the evolution of biodiversity on earth, spatial patterns of biodiversity, the impact of human activities on biodiversity, and assess strategies for the management and conservation of biodiversity. Students gain the scientific literacy necessary to make informed decisions about topics such as wilderness preservation, species conservation, and land use. May be combined with EES 022 or EES 004 for 4 credits. Prerequisites: none. Booth. (NS)

EES 031. Introduction to Environmental and Organismal Biology (3)

Introduction to the structure, function, and evolution of living systems, with emphasis at the levels of organism, population, community, and ecosystem. May be combined with EES 022 or EES 004 for 4 credits. Lectures. Hargreaves. (NS)

EES 032. Oceanography (3)

An introduction to the structure, composition, and processes of the earth from a marine perspective. Topics include earth structure, plate tectonics, continental margins, coastal processes, seawater chemistry, ocean circulation, wave dynamics, primary productivity, plankton and plants, marine organisms and communities. May be combined with EES 022 or EES 004 for 4 credits. Prerequisites: none. Peters. (NS)

EES 042. The Natural History of Costa Rica (3)

The interaction of ecology, geology, and climate shaping the natural history of Costa Rica. Population, community, and ecosystem ecology; evolution and natural selection; biodiversity and conservation biology. Offered during the winter inter-term through Lehigh Study Abroad, and involving lectures, electronic media, observations, and field experiences. Prerequisite: Consent of instructor (applications through the Study Abroad Office). Limited enrollment. Requires payment of additional program fee and transportation to Costa Rica. Morris (NS)

EES 89 [GCP 089]. Geographic Analysis of our Changing World (3)

This course will introduce students to maps, spatial data, and electronic tools for geographic analysis. Fundamental geographic and database concepts will include map types, spatial referencing systems, map projection systems, map scale, and database characteristics. Tools including ArcGIS Desktop software and Global Positioning System receivers will be used to acquire and analyze spatially referenced data sets drawn from diverse sources and disciplines relating to the environment. Students will use their new skills in geographic analysis to develop an electronic portfolio, including a question-based map project. This course will prepare students for more advanced geographic analysis within the arts, humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, or engineering. Lecturedemonstrations. May be combined with EES 022 or EES 004 for 4 credits. Prerequisites: none. Hargreaves (NS)

EES 90. Freshman Seminar (3)

EES 93. Freshman Supervised Internship in Earth and Environmental Sciences (1-2)

Experiential learning opportunities supervised by EES faculty, including fieldwork, data collection or analysis, literature review, and information management. A maximum of two credits is allowed. Prerequisite: consent of supervising faculty.

EES 100. (GCP 100, ES 100) Earth Systems Science (4)

Examination of the Earth as an integrated system. Study of interactions and feedbacks between key components such as the atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and hydrosphere to permit better understanding of the behavior of the system as a whole. Response of the Earth system to human perturbations such as land use and emissions are explored in the context of predictions of future environmental conditions and their projected impacts back on human systems. Lectures, class discussions, and lab. Prerequisites: EES 22. Felzer. (NS)

EES 105. (ASTR 105, PHY 105) Planetary Astronomy (4)

Structure and dynamics of planetary interiors, surfaces and atmospheres. Models for the formation of the solar system and planetary evolution. Internal structure, surface topology, and composition of planets and other bodies in our solar system. Comparative study of planetary atmospheres. Organic materials in the solar system. Properties of the interplanetary medium, including dust and meteoroids. Orbital dynamics. Planets orbiting other stars. (NS)

EES 115. Surficial Processes (4)

An introduction to process geomorphology and sedimentology that emphasizes the dynamic interactions of climate, tectonics, and watershed hydrology on the erosional, transportational, depositional, and biological processes that shape landscapes. Includes a field and computer-intensive lab. Prerequisites: EES 22. Pazzaglia. (NS)

EES 131. Introduction to Rocks and Minerals (4)

Hand-specimen identification of the major mineral groups and rock types. Atomic structure of minerals; relationship of mineral structure to chemical and physical properties. Placement of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks into a plate tectonics context. Introduction to optical mineralogy and x-ray diffraction techniques. Lectures, laboratories, field trips. Prerequisite: EES 22. Bebout (NS)

EES 152. Ecology (4)

Basic principles and applications of ecological interrelationships. Examination of ecological phenomena at the individual, population, community, and ecosystem levels. Impact of human activities on global ecosystems. Prerequisite: EES 22. Booth (NS)

EES 172. Topics in Earth & Environmental Science (1-4).

Study of topics in earth and environmental science not covered in other 100-level courses. May be repeated for credit. Primarily used for transfer credit. Prerequisite: permission of instructor. Staff. (NS)

EES 200. Earth History (4)

Review of the coevolution of Earth, life, climate, and the environment, and introduction to the records used to constrain this history. The course addresses environmental changes at both geologic and human time spans. Includes laboratory exercises and field trips. Prerequisite: EES 100. Pazzaglia and Hargreaves. (NS)

EES 223. Structural Geology and Tectonics (4)

Material behavior of rocks and the architecture of the Earth’s crust. Plate tectonic processes and plate margin deformation. Introduction to geologic maps and field techniques. Lectures, laboratories, and one or two weekend fieldtrips. Prerequisite: EES 115 or EES 131. Anastasio. (NS)

EES 250. Terrestrial Ecosystems (4)

Ecosystem ecology in the context of the Earth system; discussion of mechanisms by which terrestrial ecosystems function, including the flow of water and energy and the cycling of carbon and nutrients; characterization of temporal and spatial patterns in ecosystem processes and their sensitivity to environmental and biotic changes; integration of global scale effects of these processes. Includes lectures, field trips and laboratories. Prerequisite: EES 115 or EES 152. Yu. (NS)

EES 293. Supervised Internship in Earth and Environmental Sciences (1-4)

Experiential learning opportunities supervised by EES faculty, including data collection or analysis, literature review, and/or information management most likely as part of a longterm, continued project. The student should submit a work plan that describes activities involved and credits requested. A maximum of four credits of EES 293 and no more than eight credits combined from EES 93, EES 293 and 393 may be applied to EES B.A. and B.S. degrees (additional credits apply to free electives). Prerequisite: consent of supervising faculty.

Advanced Undergraduates and Graduate Students

EES 301. Seismology: Images and Dynamics of the Earth’s Interior (4) [3 for graduate registration]

An examination of how earthquakes and active source seismology are used to image subsurface structure and stratigraphy and to understand tectonic processes. Fundamentals of seismic wave propagation in the Earth. Study of earthquakes, reflection, and refraction techniques at crustal, lithospheric, and whole Earth scales. Practical applications, experiment design, data collection, processing, analysis, and interpretation. Field and laboratory projects. Prerequisites: EES 100, or consent of the instructor. Meltzer (NS)

EES 306. Geologic Records of Environmental Change (4) [3 for graduate registration]

This course provides an overview of high-resolution geologic records of environmental and global change, how they are analyzed, and how they can be used in a variety of disciplines. Time series analysis, age control, completeness of sequences, and correlation of records will be covered. A class project will use acquisition and analysis of environmental magnetic data to demonstrate how records of global and environmental change are constructed. Prerequisite: EES 100. Kodama. (NS)

EES 316. (CEE 316) Hydrogeology (4) [3 for graduate registration]

Water plays a critical role in the physical, chemical, and biological processes that occur at the Earth’s surface. This course is an introduction to surface and groundwater hydrology in natural systems, providing fundamental concepts and a process-level understanding using the hydrologic cycle as a framework. Geochemistry will be integrated to address natural variations and the human impact on the environment. Topics covered include: watershed hydrology, regional and local groundwater flow, water chemistry, and management of water resources. Lectures and recitation/laboratory. EES 22, or consent of instructor. Peters (NS)

EES 320. (CEE 320) Engineering Hydrology (3)

Rainfall-runoff analysis, overland flow, hydrograph theories, modeling. Frequency analysis of extreme events. Flood routing. Design storms. Floodplain hydraulics, floodplain delineation. Prerequisite: CEE 222. (ES 2), (ED 1), (NS)

EES 323. (CEE 323) Environmental Groundwater Hydrology (3) spring

The study of subsurface water, its environment, distribution, and movement. Included are flow patterns, well hydraulics, and an introduction to the movement of contaminants. Design problems are included to simulate flow with analytical and numerical models, and contaminant migration using analytical models. Prerequisites: CE 121 or CEE/EES 316 or permission of instructor. (ES 2, ED 1), (NS)

EES 325. Remote Sensing of Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments (4) [3 for graduate registration]

Techniques of observing the Earth from air- and space-borne instruments, including issues of geometry and scale associated with making measurements, electromagnetic properties of Earth surface materials, the range of instruments used to observe the Earth, image interpretation, and applications of satellite remote sensing to geological, ecological, and environmental questions. Lecture and lab. Prerequisites: EES 22, or EES 89, or consent of instructor. Ramage. (NS)

EES 327. (CEE 327) Surface Water Quality Modeling (3)

Fundamentals of modeling water quality parameters in receiving water bodies, including rivers, lakes, and estuaries. Modeling of dissolved oxygen, nutrients, temperature, and toxic substances. Emphasis on water quality control decisions as well as mechanics and model building. Prerequisites: CEE 121, CEE 222 and CEE 270. (ES 3), (ED 3)

EES 334. Geosphere Structure and Evolution (4) [3 for graduate registration]

Synthesis of the state of knowledge of Earth structure and long-term evolution, with emphasis on the crust and mantle, and integrating petrologic, geophysical, and geochemical perspectives. Mass and energy transfer through time among the crust, mantle, hydrosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere. Petrographic study of selected rock suites, and introduction to geophysical observations of the deep structure of the solid Earth. Lectures, discussion, laboratories, field trip. Prerequisites: EES 131 or consent of instructors. Bebout and Kodama. (NS)

EES 341. Field Camp in Earth and Environmental Sciences (6) summer.

Integrated, capstone, geological, hydrological, and ecological field experiences using the diverse natural settings of the Rocky Mountains as the classroom. Projects challenge students to synthesize field data in solving real geologic and environmental science problems. A cross country trip is used to build a common knowledge base and introduce the student to the western landscape. Focus is on specific skills that are difficult to convey in the traditional classroom setting, including GIS/GPS computer-based geologic mapping, section measuring, structural analysis, stream hydrology, sediment transport, and landscape ecology. Four-to-five weeks in the field; summer session. Prerequisites: Consent of Field Camp Director Pazzaglia (students must apply through the Lehigh Field Camp Program); declared major in EES and EES 131, EES 115, EES 152, EES 223, and EES 316. Prerequisite substitutions are at the consent of the program director. Pazzaglia and Anastasio (NS).

EES 352. Limnology (4) [3 for graduate registration]

Study of inland waters, incorporating physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the environment. The origin and morphology of lakes; light, heat, carbon, salinity, nutrients (N+P), dissolved gases, primary production, and secondary production. Emphasis is on lakes, but watersheds, streams and wetlands are also considered. Relies heavily on laboratory exercises and data analysis to underscore critical principles in limnology. Prerequisite: EES 200 or permission of instructor. Morris (NS)

EES 357. Paleoecology and Landscape History (4) [3 for graduate registration]

Principles and methodologies of paleoecology, with emphasis on palynology. Applications of paleo-records in tracing flora, vegetation, climate and landscape history. Long-term ecological interactions and ecosystem responses to past environmental change. Field and laboratory experiences in collecting and characterizing sediments and in processing and interpreting fossil pollen and other proxy data. Students will explore regional vegetation, climate and landscape history by coring and analyzing sediments from lakes and wetlands. Course requires one or more weekend day-long field trips. Prerequisite: EES 100, or consent of course instructors. Yu (NS)

EES 358. Microbial Ecology (4) [3 for graduate registration]

The role of microorganisms in the environment. Topics include: Survey of microbial classification, structure, and metabolism; study of microbes at population, community, and ecosystem levels of organization; the role of microbes in biogeochemical cycles; application of microbes to bioremediation and resource recovery problems. Fall (alternate (even) years). Prerequisite: EES 152, or consent of instructor. Morris (NS)

EES 365. Ecophysiology (4) [3 for graduate registration]

Properties and processes of organisms for effective acquisition of energy and exchange of heat, water, minerals, and gases via atmosphere, soil, and water, including response to extreme environments. Special emphasis on the role of solar radiation and factors influencing its interactions with the organisms and the abiotic environment. Lecture, demonstration, laboratory. Prerequisite: EES 152 and either EES 200 or BIOS 120. Hargreaves. (NS)

EES 372. Topics in Earth & Environmental Science (1-4).

Study of topics in earth and environmental science not covered in other 300-level courses. May be repeated for credit. Primarily used for transfer credit. Prerequisite: permission of instructor. Staff. (NS)

EES 379. (CEE 379) Environmental Case Studies (3 to 4)

Case studies will be used to explore the impact of politics, economics, society, technology, and ethics on environmental projects and preferences. Environmental issues in both affluent and developing countries. Multidisciplinary student teams investigate site characterization; environmental remediation design; environmental policy; and political, financial, social, and ethical implications of environmental projects. Prerequisites: EES 22 or CEE 276 (CHE 276) or permission of the instructor. (NS)

EES 380. Senior Seminar in Earth and Environmental Sciences (4)

Multidisciplinary capstone seminar in the Earth and Environmental Sciences. The seminar will emphasize review of the scientific literature, synthesis, and skills in written and oral communication. Topics vary with offering. May be repeated for credit for use as a free elective that counts towards graduation requirements. Not open to graduate students. Prerequisites: EES 200, and senior standing. Staff. (NS)

EES 386. Wetland Science (4) [3 for graduate registration]

Biophysical structure of wetlands and factors controlling wetland structure and function. Responses and feedbacks of wetlands to natural and human-induced environmental variability. Wetland classification and delineation, origin and development of wetlands; biotic adaptations to the wetland environment; wetland hydrology and biogeochemistry; wetland vegetation dynamics; and wetland restoration. Integrated activities with ES 461 (Wetland Policy and Valuation) provide an interdisciplinary exploration of science and policy issues. Lectures, laboratories, applied activities, and field trips. Prerequisite: EES 152 or consent of instructor. Not available to students who have taken ES 461, Wetland Policy and Valuation. Booth (NS)

EES 393. Supervised Research in Earth and Environmental Sciences (1-4)

Research opportunities supervised by EES faculty to carry out a well-defined project, including exposure to problem definition, selection of research approach, and communication of results. The student should prepare a proposal and, if taking 3 or more credits, should present the results at Undergraduate Research Symposium and write a research thesis. Both proposal and thesis are filed with EES Department. No more than eight credits may be applied to EES B.A. and B.S. degrees (additional credits apply to free electives). Prerequisite: consent of supervising faculty. (NS)

Graduate Studies

The Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences offers graduate programs leading to the M.S. and Ph.D. in Earth and Environmental Sciences. These degrees emphasize what we feel is an important and growing trend in ecology, environmental science, and geology, namely the blending of expertise and perspectives from many disciplines. Research is an integral component of all EES graduate programs and leads to an M.S. thesis or Ph.D. dissertation prepared under a research supervisory committee and chaired by a departmental faculty research advisor. An advising commitment by one or more faculty members is required for graduate admission.

The University has outlined the general academic requirements for M.S. and Ph.D. students in its Graduate Student Handbook, and EES has additional Departmental requirements that must also be fulfilled. It is the student’s responsibility to insure that all graduation requirements are met. All graduate students work with an advisor who chairs the student’s research supervisory committee. Graduate students make annual presentations of their research to the Department. All graduate students are required to take one of the Department’s four graduate core courses (EES 411, 415, 426, and 484) and five additional courses (15 credits) at the 400-level. M.S. students complete 30 credits of coursework and thesis research and orally defend a written thesis that encompasses the findings and conclusions of their research. Candidates for the Ph.D. must first pass the qualification evaluation in the first year, then defend their dissertation proposal in the General Exam, and finally, orally defend a dissertation. For more details beyond this brief summary, please see the graduate handbook online at: www.ees.lehigh.edu/graduate/grad_handbook.html.

Research Facilities

Our Department is well equipped for a broad range of field and laboratory investigations in the Environmental, Ecological, and Geological Sciences. Our laboratories and equipment include:

• Petrographic microscopy facilities, rock-crusher, ball mill, rock saws, and cathodoluminescence and camera lucida digitizing capabilities;

• Laboratory for Ar-Ar, U-Th/He, and fission-track geochronology including dual UV and CO2 lasers, VG 3600 noble-gas mass spectrometer, Balzers quadrupole mass spectrometer, dedicated He and Ar extraction lines with low-blank furnaces, all under full LabVIEW automation;

• A stable isotope geochemistry laboratory equipped with a Finnigan MAT model 252 mass spectrometer (with dual-inlet and carrier gas capabilities), on-line peripherals, and off-line vacuum extraction lines, for O, H, C, and N isotope analyses of silicate minerals and rocks, carbonates, fluid inclusions, and organic matter;

• Equipment for sampling groundwater wells as well as automated samplers for surficial water systems;

• A microbial ecology laboratory (fluorescence and phase contrast microscopy, bioreactors, UV phototron, walk-in controlled environment chambers);

• Field instruments to characterize solar radiation (UV bands, PAR, broadband, and high resolution spectral irradiance with automated shadowband options for diffuse and direct spectral irradiance), water quality & optical properties (Biospherical PUV profilers, YSI datasondes, SCUFA CDOM fluorometers), weather parameters, and hydrology (precise water level, precipitation, wind, humidity, atmospheric pressure, water temperature thermistor chains) plus automated ISCO rain-triggered samplers for applications in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem studies;

• Aquatic ecology laboratory instruments to characterize water quality and optical properties (pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, UV-VIS spectrophotometers, scanning fluorometer, Turner CDOM/Chlorophyll fluorometer, N & P nutrient analyzer, automated Shimadzu TOC/TN analyzer, CHN analyzer, scintillation counter, photobleaching laboratory, low-carbon water purification system);

• An aqueous geochemistry laboratory with a ThermoElectron X-Series inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometer with collision cell, and hydride generation apparatus that can be coupled to an HPLC system for species analysis, a Dionex ion chromatograph for simultaneous analysis of anions and cations, a Mercury analyzer for analysis of gaseous and liquid samples, and a Class 100 clean room for ultra trace sample preparation; additional instruments including a Waters computer-assisted ion chromatograph, an ARL 34000 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer, a Netzsch DTA/TGA instrument, and a high-pressure core-holder/column reactor for flow-through experiments;

• A sedimentation and soils analysis laboratory including equipment for particle size analysis;

• A paleomagnetism laboratory with a magnetically shielded room, a 2G superconducting magnetometer and built-in af demagnetizer, Molspin spinner magnetometer, a Schonstedt AF demagnetizer modified to apply pARMs, and an ASC thermal demagnetizer, and a KLY-3S Kappabridge magnetic susceptibility system, and an ASC impulse magnetizer;

• A reflection seismology laboratory has equipment including broadband seismometer linked to global networks; computer workstations for seismic processing, Bison DIFP multi-channel seismograph, various seismic energy sources, and ground-penetrating radar;

• Field geophysical equipment includes a Worden Master gravimeter, and a Geometrics portable proton precession magnetometer;

• Geomorphology lab including a Topcon total station, flow gages, LASCI digitizer, complete airphoto analysis facility, and a flume facility in the CEE hydraulics lab. We also maintain several PC and UNIX computer labs devoted to GIS (ArcGIS) and large spatial digital topographic databases;

• Paleoecological laboratories with facilities for the analysis and photo documentation of tree rings, pollen, macrofossils, and other biological and physical parameters of environmental archives, including lake and peatland sediments.

• A sediment core laboratory with facilities for initial core preparation and core storage, including a walk-in cold room, a GeoTek MultiSensor Core Logger, a VirTis AdVantage Freezer Dryer and various corers (Livingstone, Mackereth, Glew Gravity, Russian peat Corers);

• A remote sensing laboratory with image processing software, extensive spatial data collections, as well as equipment for measuring field characteristics of important remotely sensed parameters.

Graduate Courses

EES 402 (ES 402) Scientific Foundations for Environmental Policy Design (3)

This course explores the science behind the environmental issues that bear on policy process at local, national and global scales. The course delves into the science of selected environmental issues that have either arisen from anthropogenic activities, that impact social systems, or that help policy-makers understand the consequence of different policy options. The course consists of readings and discussions of timely topics and one major project. Sahagian (NS)

EES 403. Earth System Modeling

The concepts behind computer modeling, including stocks and fluxes, finite differencing, initial boundary conditions, feedbacks calibration, validation, data visualization, Monte Carlo, and sensitivity. We will apply these ideas to radiative energy balance, atmosphere and ocean dynamics, hydrological cycling, terrestrial carbon and nitrogen dynamics, and vegetation biogeography. Students will learn both agent-based and systems dynamics modeling using NetLogo and Stella, simple box modeling in Excel, and research-oriented models such as the NCAR Community Climate System Model using C++, Fortran and IDL. Felzer

EES 405. Paleo- and Environmental Magnetism (3)

Topics in paleomagnetism and environmental magnetism. Class will design and conduct a research project, read the relevant literature and write a research paper. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: Consent of course instructor. Kodama

EES 407. Seismology (3)

Seminar on advanced topics in seismology, review of classic and current literature. Topics include but are not limited to: wave propagation in ideal media and earth materials, seismic imaging of complex structures, tomography, modeling, and high-resolution seismic imaging. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: an introductory geophysics course. Meltzer

EES 411. Physical and Chemical Processes at the Earth’s Surface (3)

An advanced treatment of physical and chemical processes and their interaction in the critical zone. Quantitative methods, modeling, and process-oriented approaches are presented in a systems context from the meter, to watershed, to continental scale.

Topics include weathering and soils, chemical and physical fluxes from watersheds, and global hydrology and erosion. Peters and Pazzaglia

EES 412. Advanced Fluvial and Tectonic Geomorphology (3)

Lecture, seminar, lab, and field-based investigation of the classic and contemporary geomorphologic literature using the processes and evolution of a watershed and its dynamic interaction with tectonics as a integrative common theme. Topics change according to student interest but typically include active tectonics, fluvial processes, landscape response to climate, and biogeomorphology. Include ArcGIS training, field trips, flume analogue modeling, and class projects with the goal of a published paper. Prerequisite: EES 21, 25, 115, or consent of instructor. Pazzaglia.

EES 414. Glacial and Quaternary Geology (3)

Study of the origin, distribution, and movement of present and past glaciers. Special emphasis on glacial land forms and deposits, Quaternary stratigraphy and dating techniques, periglacial phenomena, and Pleistocene environments. Lectures and required field trips. Prerequisite: Consent of instructor. Evenson

EES 415. Paleoclimatology (3)

Overview of climate system, including energy budget, feedbacks, atmospheric and ocean circulations, and their interactions. Earth’s climate history and mechanisms of past climate variations at various time scales, with emphasis on late Quaternary. Lectures, presentations and discussion of recent literature, especially on approaches to studying climate change and paleo-perspectives on ongoing climate change. Prerequisite: graduate standing in EES, or consent of course instructor. Yu.

EES 426. Tectonic Processes (3)

Current models of tectonic processes in intraplate settings and at plate boundaries. Critical evaluations by the class of the geological, geochemical and geophysical data sets which gave rise to these models. Prerequisites: graduate standing in EES, or consent of department chairperson. Staff

EES 427. Orogenic Belts (3)

Geometry, kinematics, and mechanics of orogenic belts. Course will explore current paradigms of depositional, deformational, and metamorphic processes in the Earth’s crust. Lectures, seminars, and field trips. Topically variable may be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: Consent of instructor. Anastasio

EES 429. Methods and Applications of Geochronology (3)

Examination of isotopic techniques used to measure geologic time, and their applications. Lectures, laboratories, research projects, field trips. Prerequisite: graduate standing in EES. May be repeated for credit. Zeitler

EES 438. Petrogenetic Processes (3)

Metamorphism, melting, and magmatism in the Earth’s crust and mantle. Tectonic evolution, crust-mantle heat and mass transfer, fluid-rock interactions, and rate processes. Varying combinations of lecture and seminar formats. May be repeated for credit when topics differ. May include laboratory and field experience and computational exercises. Prerequisite: consent of course instructor. Bebout

EES 453. Advanced Microbial Ecology (3)

Lectures and seminars will focus on topics of current interest in the microbial ecology of pelagic (freshwater and marine), sediment, and/or soil environments. Emphasis will be placed on the role of microbes in ecosystems level processes such as energy transformations and elemental cycling. May include laboratory and field exercises. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of course instructor. Morris

EES 457. Advanced Remote Sensing of the Environment (3)

Seminars and hands-on, quantitative analysis of specialized satellite and aircraft data, including microwave and hyperspectral sources, will be used to investigate significant environmental questions. Students will refine visual and technical skills for image interpretation, digital image processing, change detection of environmental systems, and presentation of spatial data. Required research project. Prerequisites: graduate standing in EES or permission of the instructor. Ramage.

EES 459. Reconstructing Environmental Change (3)

Lectures, seminars, and in-depth discussion on current issues and selected topics in Quaternary paleoecology and paleoclimatology. Survey of techniques in studying and reconstructing environmental changes and biological responses. Use of multiple proxy data from paleo-archives (e.g., ice cores, lake sediments) to address nature of past climate variability. Quantitative analyses of paleo-records to test paleoecological hypothesis (e.g., multivariate analysis) and to infer possible causes and forcing mechanisms of past climate change (e.g., time series analysis). May include field and laboratory exercises. Prerequisite: EES 415, or consent of course instructor. Booth.

EES 471. Stable Isotope Chemistry - Theory, Techniques, and Applications in the Earth and Environmental Sciences (3)

Distributions of stable isotopes (primarily of O, H, C, S, and N) in the lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere. Topics include mechanisms of fractionation and mixing, advancements in techniques for extractions and mass spectrometry, and recent applications of stable isotopes in the earth and environmental sciences. Lectures, seminars, laboratory sessions. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Bebout

EES 473. Aqueous Geochemistry (3)

Advanced study of the equilibria and kinetics of chemical reactions occurring at the earth’s surface. A review of concepts in geochemistry including activity, solubility, thermodynamics, kinetics, and oxidation-reduction reactions is followed by readings from the literature. Topics covered depend on student interest, and have included chemical weathering, chemical evolution of surface and groundwater, acid mine drainage, trace element chemistry, biogeochemical cycles, and ocean chemistry. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisites: Graduate standing in EES or permission of the instructor. Peters.

EES 484. Ecosystem Processes (3)

Theoretical and experimental approaches to understanding physical and chemical influences in aquatic environments on organisms and their community, population, and systems ecology. Field trip. Prerequisite: graduate standing in EES. Staff

EES 485. Advanced Topics in Geophysics (1-6)

Intensive study of topics in geophysics not covered in more general courses. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisites: MATH 21, EES 21, or permission of the instructor.

EES 487. Bio-Optics (3)

Bio-optics includes the ecosystem role and fate of solar radiation and the optical properties of biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems. This course will explore advanced topics through selected readings, data analysis, and modeling. Topics will emphasize aquatic ecosystems and may include optical models, atmospheric factors, inherent and apparent optical properties, algal fluorescence, photoadaptation and photodamage, ultraviolet radiation, and optical stratification. Prerequisite: EES 484 or consent of course instructor. Hargreaves

EES 490. Thesis Research (1-6)

Masters’ thesis research directed by research committee. 3-6 credits required for EES M.S. programs. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: Permission of research adviser.

EES 491. Investigations in Earth and Environmental Sciences (1-3)

Research on a special problem; field, laboratory, or library study; report required. Credit above three hours granted only when a different problem is undertaken.

EES 492. Advanced Topics in Modern and Quaternary Processes (1-3)

Intensive study of topics in modern and Quaternary geology not covered in more general courses. May be repeated for credit.

EES 493. Advanced Topics in Tectonics (1-3)

Intensive study of tectonic processes and products not covered in more general courses. May be repeated for credit.

EES 494. Advanced Topics in Ecosystem Ecology (1-3)

Intensive study of ecosystem processes not covered in more general courses. May be repeated for credit.

EES 496. Advanced Topics in Geochemistry (1-3)

Intensive study of geochemical processes not covered in more general courses. May be repeated for credit.

EES 497. Advanced Topics in Paleoecology and Paleoclimatology (1-3)

Intensive study of paleoecology and paleoclimatology not covered in more general courses. May be repeated for credit.

EES 499. Dissertation Research (1-9)

Ph.D. dissertation research directed by research committee. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: Permission of research adviser.

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