First-order logic.
- Propositional logic: provability, truth tables, consistency,
compactness, completeness.
- First-order predicate logic: syntax and semantics.
- Deduction systems and formal proofs.
- Consistency, completeness and decidability of theories the methods
of elimination of quantifiers, the Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse Test, and Vaught's Test.
- Godel's Completeness Theorem. The Henkin proof of a proof using
consistency properties. The Compactness Theorem and its application.
- Elementary model theory. Elementary substructures and the
Lowenheim-Skolem-Tarski Theorem.
- Godel's Incompleteness Theorem. Applications to undecidable theories.
- Set Theory.
-
Axiomatic set theory. The systems ZF and GB. Relations between sets and
classes.
-
Principles of transfinite induction and recursion, and applications.
-
The definitions of cardinal and ordinal numbers. Cardinal and ordinal
arithmetic with and without the Generalized Continuum Hypothesis.
-
The Axiom of Choice and its equivalents.
-
Natural models of set theory. Reflection principles.
Recursive function theory.
- Definition of recursive and partial recursive functions. Recursive and
recursively enumerable sets. Definability in arithmetic of recursive and r.e.
sets. Church's Thesis.
-
Unsolvability of the halting problem, and sample applications.
-
Elementary recursive function theory. The recursion theorems and the
enumeration of parameterization (s-m-n) theorems.
-
Turing reducibility and degrees of Unsolvability.
References
Below is a list of sources for the material in the syllabus. The letters to
the left refer to the parts of the syllabus covered in the source. Each
source is followed by a "telegraphic" review.
- Chang & Keisler, Model Theory, North-Holland, 1973.
The
standard graduate text. The first two chapters are particularly relevant.
Excellent exercises.
- D. van Dalen, H. C. Doets, H. de Swart, Sets: Naive,
Axiomatic
and Applied, Pergamon, 1978. A good "mathematical" presentation of set
theory. Little explicit use of first-order logic. Good choice of topics.